Obligation register

Spain

Spain regulatory register

Obligation register

The curated handbook for Spain is in review. The obligation register below accounts for the retained units described in its scope statement.

272 retained records are accounted for within this scope. The default view shows only mapped obligations; use the disposition filter to inspect mapped, contextual, outside-scope and unresolved retained records. This register does not establish full-instrument or complete national coverage.

Ley 10/2010

Ley 10/2010, de 28 de abril, de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo

Jefatura del Estado / Boletín Oficial del Estado

Consolidated text in force from 1 October 2026

94 provisions accounted for · 94 independently reviewed

Obligation mapped: 44Contextual: 32Outside scope: 18
Source
Source attribution and reuse

Spanish official gazette text (BOE). Reproduced for compliance-analysis purposes under the public-information regime of the Boletín Oficial del Estado (https://www.boe.es/legislacion/condiciones_uso.php).

RD 304/2014

Real Decreto 304/2014, de 5 de mayo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley 10/2010, de 28 de abril, de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad / Boletín Oficial del Estado

Consolidated text as at 1 October 2026

82 provisions accounted for · 82 independently reviewed

Obligation mapped: 44Contextual: 15Outside scope: 23
Source
Source attribution and reuse

Spanish official gazette text (BOE). Reproduced for compliance-analysis purposes under the public-information regime of the Boletín Oficial del Estado (https://www.boe.es/legislacion/condiciones_uso.php).

AMLR (EU) 2024/1624

Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing

European Parliament and Council of the European Union / EUR-Lex

OJ English original (19 June 2024); general application 10 July 2027

96 provisions accounted for · 96 independently reviewed

Contextual: 27Outside scope: 18Future: 51
Source
Source attribution and reuse

Official Journal of the European Union; source attribution and legal identity recorded in officialReference and sourceUrl.

Ley 10/201094 provisions

Ley 10/2010, de 28 de abril, de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo

Jefatura del Estado / Boletín Oficial del Estado

Consolidated text in force from 1 October 2026

Source
Source attribution and reuse

Spanish official gazette text (BOE). Reproduced for compliance-analysis purposes under the public-information regime of the Boletín Oficial del Estado (https://www.boe.es/legislacion/condiciones_uso.php).

RD 304/201482 provisions

Real Decreto 304/2014, de 5 de mayo, por el que se aprueba el Reglamento de la Ley 10/2010, de 28 de abril, de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad / Boletín Oficial del Estado

Consolidated text as at 1 October 2026

Source
Source attribution and reuse

Spanish official gazette text (BOE). Reproduced for compliance-analysis purposes under the public-information regime of the Boletín Oficial del Estado (https://www.boe.es/legislacion/condiciones_uso.php).

AMLR (EU) 2024/162496 provisions

Regulation (EU) 2024/1624 on the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing

European Parliament and Council of the European Union / EUR-Lex

OJ English original (19 June 2024); general application 10 July 2027

Source
Source attribution and reuse

Official Journal of the European Union; source attribution and legal identity recorded in officialReference and sourceUrl.

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81 provisions match this filter

Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 3Every obliged entity must identify each natural or legal person who seeks to establish a business relationship or take part in a…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 3. Identificación formal. 1. Los sujetos obligados identificarán a cuantas personas físicas o jurídicas pretendan establecer relaciones de negocio o intervenir en cualesquiera operaciones. En ningún caso los sujetos obligados mantendrán relaciones de negocio o realizarán operaciones con personas físicas o jurídicas que no hayan sido debidamente identificadas. Queda prohibida, en particular, la apertura, contratación o mantenimiento de cuentas, libretas de ahorro, cajas de seguridad, activos o instrumentos numerados, cifrados, anónimos o con nombres ficticios. 2. Con carácter previo al establecimiento de la relación de negocios o a la ejecución de cualesquiera operaciones, los sujetos obligados comprobarán la identidad de los intervinientes mediante documentos fehacientes. En el supuesto de no poder comprobar la identidad de los intervinientes mediante documentos fehacientes en un primer momento, se podrá contemplar lo establecido en el artículo 12, salvo que existan elementos de riesgo en la operación. Reglamentariamente se establecerán los documentos que deban reputarse fehacientes a efectos de identificación. 3. En el ámbito del seguro de vida, la comprobación de la identidad del tomador deberá realizarse con carácter previo a la celebración del contrato. La comprobación de la identidad del beneficiario del seguro de vida deberá realizarse en todo caso con carácter previo al pago de la prestación derivada del contrato o al ejercicio de los derechos de rescate, anticipo o pignoración conferidos por la póliza.

Source notes
  • Se modifica el apartado 1 por el art. 3.3 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 3. Formal identification. 1. Obliged entities shall identify all natural or legal persons who seek to establish business relationships or to take part in any transactions. Obliged entities shall under no circumstances maintain business relationships or carry out transactions with natural or legal persons who have not been duly identified. In particular, the opening, contracting or maintenance of numbered, coded, anonymous or fictitious-name accounts, savings books, safe-deposit boxes, assets or instruments is prohibited. 2. Before establishing the business relationship or executing any transactions, obliged entities shall verify the identity of the parties by means of reliable documents. Where it is not possible to verify the identity of the parties by reliable documents at the outset, the provisions of Article 12 may be applied, unless there are risk factors in the transaction. The documents to be regarded as reliable for identification purposes shall be established by regulation. 3. In life insurance, verification of the identity of the policyholder shall be carried out before the contract is concluded. Verification of the identity of the beneficiary of the life insurance shall in all cases be carried out before payment of the benefit under the contract or the exercise of the surrender, advance or pledge rights conferred by the policy.

Plain English

Every obliged entity must identify each natural or legal person who seeks to establish a business relationship or take part in a transaction, and must never maintain a relationship or carry out a transaction with anyone not duly identified. Numbered, coded, anonymous or fictitious-name accounts, savings books, safe-deposit boxes, assets and instruments are prohibited. Identity must be verified with reliable documents (listed in Royal Decree 304/2014, Article 6) before the relationship or any transaction; if that is not possible at the outset, the Article 12 rules may be applied unless the transaction shows risk factors. In life insurance, the policyholder must be verified before the contract is concluded, and the beneficiary in all cases before any benefit is paid or any surrender, advance or pledge right is exercised.

Obligation

Identify every party to a prospective business relationship or transaction, verify identity by reliable documents before the relationship/transaction proceeds (subject to the Article 12 non-face-to-face/delayed-verification route absent risk indicators), never deal with unidentified persons, and never open or keep anonymous, numbered, coded or fictitious-name accounts or instruments; in life insurance, verify the policyholder before contracting and the beneficiary before any payout or exercise of policy rights.

Verify Prohibited action

Data items: customer identity, reliable identification documents

Los sujetos obligados identificarán a cuantas personas físicas o jurídicas pretendan establecer relaciones de negocio o intervenir en cualesquiera operaciones.

Translation: Obliged entities shall identify all natural or legal persons who seek to establish business relationships or to take part in any transactions.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Onboarding
Conditions
Applies before any business relationship is established or any transaction executed; life-insurance beneficiaries are verified before payout or exercise of policy rights.
Exceptions
Where reliable documents cannot be obtained at the outset, Article 12 may be applied unless the transaction shows risk factors.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 4Before establishing a business relationship or executing any transaction, an obliged entity must identify the beneficial owner and take…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 4. Identificación del titular real. 1. Los sujetos obligados identificarán al titular real y adoptarán medidas adecuadas a fin de comprobar su identidad con carácter previo al establecimiento de relaciones de negocio o a la ejecución de cualesquiera operaciones. 2. A los efectos de la presente ley, se entenderá por titular real: a) La persona o personas físicas por cuya cuenta se pretenda establecer una relación de negocios o intervenir en cualesquiera operaciones. b) La persona o personas físicas que en último término posean o controlen, directa o indirectamente, un porcentaje superior al 25 por ciento del capital o de los derechos de voto de una persona jurídica, o que por otros medios ejerzan el control, directo o indirecto, de una persona jurídica. A efectos de la determinación del control serán de aplicación, entre otros, los criterios establecidos en el artículo 42 del Código de Comercio. Serán indicadores de control por otros medios, entre otros, los previstos en el artículo 22 (1) a (5) de la Directiva 2013/34/UE del Parlamento Europeo y el Consejo, de 26 de junio de 2013 sobre los estados financieros anuales, los estados financieros consolidados y otros informes afines de ciertos tipos de empresas, por la que se modifica la Directiva 2006/43/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo y se derogan las Directivas 78/660/CEE y 83/349/CEE del Consejo. Se exceptúan las sociedades que coticen en un mercado regulado y que estén sujetas a requisitos de información acordes con el Derecho de la Unión o a normas internacionales equivalentes que garanticen la adecuada transparencia de la información sobre la propiedad. b bis) Cuando no exista una persona física que posea o controle, directa o indirectamente, un porcentaje superior al 25 por ciento del capital o de los derechos de voto de la persona jurídica, o que por otros medios ejerza el control, directo o indirecto, de la persona jurídica, se considerará que ejerce dicho control el administrador o administradores. Cuando el administrador designado fuera una persona jurídica, se entenderá que el control es ejercido por la persona física nombrada por el administrador persona jurídica. Los sujetos obligados verificarán su identidad y consignarán las medidas tomadas y las dificultades encontradas durante el proceso de verificación. c) En el caso de los fideicomisos, como el trust anglosajón, tendrán la consideración de titulares reales todas las personas siguientes: 1.º el fideicomitente o fideicomitentes. 2.º el fiduciario o fiduciarios, 3.º el protector o protectores, si los hubiera 4.º los beneficiarios o, cuando aún estén por designar, la categoría de personas en beneficio de la cual se ha creado o actúa la estructura jurídica; y 5.º cualquier otra persona física que ejerza en último término el control del fideicomiso a través de la propiedad directa o indirecta o a través de otros medios. d) En el supuesto de instrumentos jurídicos análogos al trust, como las fiducias o el treuhand de la legislación alemana, los sujetos obligados identificarán y adoptarán medidas adecuadas a fin de comprobar la identidad de las personas que ocupen posiciones equivalentes o similares a las relacionadas en los números 1.º a 5.º del apartado anterior. 3. Los sujetos obligados recabarán información de los clientes para determinar si éstos actúan por cuenta propia o de terceros. Cuando existan indicios o certeza de que los clientes no actúan por cuenta propia, los sujetos obligados recabarán la información precisa a fin de conocer la identidad de las personas por cuenta de las cuales actúan aquéllos. 4. Los sujetos obligados adoptarán medidas adecuadas al efecto de determinar la estructura de propiedad y de control de las personas jurídicas, estructuras jurídicas sin personalidad, fideicomisos y cualquier otra estructura análoga. Los sujetos obligados no establecerán o mantendrán relaciones de negocio con personas jurídicas, o estructuras jurídicas sin personalidad, cuya estructura de propiedad y de control no haya podido determinarse. Si se trata de sociedades cuyas acciones estén representadas mediante títulos al portador, se aplicará la prohibición anterior salvo que el sujeto obligado determine por otros medios la estructura de propiedad y de control. Esta prohibición no será aplicable a la conversión de los títulos al portador en títulos nominativos o en anotaciones en cuenta.

Source notes
  • Se modifica el apartado 2 por el art. 3.4 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872
  • Se modifica por el art. 2.4 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 4. Identification of the beneficial owner. 1. Obliged entities shall identify the beneficial owner and take adequate measures to verify their identity before establishing business relationships or executing any transactions. 2. For the purposes of this Act, beneficial owner means: a) The natural person or persons on whose behalf it is intended to establish a business relationship or to take part in any transactions. b) The natural person or persons who ultimately own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 25 per cent of the capital or voting rights of a legal person, or who by other means exercise control, direct or indirect, over a legal person. For the purpose of determining control, the criteria laid down in Article 42 of the Commercial Code shall apply, among others. Indicators of control by other means shall include, among others, those provided for in Article 22(1) to (5) of Directive 2013/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings, amending Directive 2006/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and repealing Council Directives 78/660/EEC and 83/349/EEC. Companies listed on a regulated market that are subject to disclosure requirements consistent with Union law or equivalent international standards ensuring adequate transparency of ownership information are excepted. b bis) Where there is no natural person who owns or controls, directly or indirectly, more than 25 per cent of the capital or voting rights of the legal person, or who by other means exercises control, direct or indirect, over the legal person, the director or directors shall be deemed to exercise such control. Where the appointed director is a legal person, control shall be deemed to be exercised by the natural person appointed by the corporate director. Obliged entities shall verify their identity and record the measures taken and the difficulties encountered during the verification process. c) In the case of trusts, such as the Anglo-Saxon trust, all of the following persons shall be regarded as beneficial owners: 1.º the settlor or settlors; 2.º the trustee or trustees; 3.º the protector or protectors, if any; 4.º the beneficiaries or, where they have yet to be designated, the class of persons in whose interest the legal arrangement has been set up or operates; and 5.º any other natural person who ultimately exercises control over the trust through direct or indirect ownership or by other means. d) In the case of legal arrangements similar to the trust, such as the fiducia or the German Treuhand, obliged entities shall identify, and take adequate measures to verify the identity of, the persons holding positions equivalent or similar to those listed in points 1.º to 5.º of the preceding letter. 3. Obliged entities shall obtain information from clients to determine whether they are acting on their own account or on behalf of third parties. Where there are indications or certainty that clients are not acting on their own account, obliged entities shall obtain the information necessary to know the identity of the persons on whose behalf they are acting. 4. Obliged entities shall take adequate measures to determine the ownership and control structure of legal persons, legal arrangements without legal personality, trusts and any other similar structure. Obliged entities shall not establish or maintain business relationships with legal persons, or legal arrangements without legal personality, whose ownership and control structure could not be determined. In the case of companies whose shares are represented by bearer certificates, the above prohibition shall apply unless the obliged entity determines the ownership and control structure by other means. This prohibition shall not apply to the conversion of bearer certificates into registered certificates or book entries.

Plain English

Before establishing a business relationship or executing any transaction, an obliged entity must identify the beneficial owner and take adequate measures to verify their identity. Beneficial owner means: the natural person(s) on whose behalf the relationship or transaction is intended; the natural person(s) who ultimately own or control, directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the capital or voting rights of a legal person or control it by other means (control assessed among others under Article 42 of the Commercial Code, with Article 22(1)-(5) of Directive 2013/34/EU as indicators; listed companies subject to EU-consistent disclosure are excepted); failing such a person, the director(s), or the natural person appointed by a corporate director, whose identity must be verified while recording the measures taken and the difficulties met; for trusts, the settlor(s), trustee(s), protector(s), beneficiaries (or the class of beneficiaries) and anyone else ultimately controlling the trust; and the equivalent positions in arrangements similar to trusts such as the fiducia or Treuhand. The entity must obtain information on whether clients act on their own account and, where there are indications or certainty that they do not, the identity of the persons they act for. It must take adequate measures to determine the ownership and control structure of legal persons, arrangements without legal personality, trusts and similar structures, and must not establish or maintain business relationships where that structure cannot be determined; companies with bearer shares are caught unless the structure is determined by other means (converting bearer shares into registered shares or book entries is allowed).

Obligation

Identify the beneficial owner and take adequate measures to verify their identity before establishing a business relationship or executing any transaction, applying the Article 4(2) definition (more than 25% of capital or voting rights or control by other means; fallback to the directors with the verification steps and difficulties recorded; the five trust roles and their equivalents in similar arrangements); establish whether clients act for themselves or for third parties and identify those third parties; determine the ownership and control structure of legal persons, arrangements and trusts, and do not establish or maintain relationships where it cannot be determined (bearer-share companies unless determined by other means).

Verify Collect information Retain records Prohibited action

Data items: beneficial owner identity, ownership and control structure, record of verification measures and difficulties (director fallback), information on whether the client acts for a third party

Los sujetos obligados identificarán al titular real y adoptarán medidas adecuadas a fin de comprobar su identidad con carácter previo al establecimiento de relaciones de negocio o a la ejecución de cualesquiera operaciones.

Translation: Obliged entities shall identify the beneficial owner and take adequate measures to verify their identity before establishing business relationships or executing any transactions.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
Company, Trust or legal arrangement, Individual customer
Stages
Onboarding
Conditions
25% capital/voting-rights/control threshold for corporate beneficial ownership; full named-role list for trusts and analogous arrangements.
Exceptions
Listed companies on a regulated market subject to EU-equivalent disclosure requirements are excepted from the >25% beneficial-owner test.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 5Requires obliged entities to find out the purpose and expected nature of each business relationship, gather information on the…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 5. Propósito e índole de la relación de negocios. Los sujetos obligados obtendrán información sobre el propósito e índole prevista de la relación de negocios. En particular, los sujetos obligados recabarán de sus clientes información a fin de conocer la naturaleza de su actividad profesional o empresarial y adoptarán medidas dirigidas a comprobar razonablemente la veracidad de dicha información. Tales medidas consistirán en el establecimiento y aplicación de procedimientos de verificación de las actividades declaradas por los clientes. Dichos procedimientos tendrán en cuenta el diferente nivel de riesgo y se basarán en la obtención de los clientes de documentos que guarden relación con la actividad declarada o en la obtención de información sobre ella ajena al propio cliente.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 5. Purpose and nature of the business relationship. Obliged entities shall obtain information on the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship. In particular, obliged entities shall obtain information from their clients in order to know the nature of their professional or business activity and shall take measures aimed at reasonably verifying the accuracy of that information. Such measures shall consist of establishing and applying procedures to verify the activities declared by clients. Those procedures shall take account of the different level of risk and shall be based on obtaining from clients documents related to the declared activity or on obtaining information about it from sources other than the client.

Plain English

Requires obliged entities to find out the purpose and expected nature of each business relationship, gather information on the customer's professional or business activity, and take risk-based steps — document-based or from independent sources — to reasonably verify that the declared activity is genuine.

Obligation

Obtain information on the purpose and intended nature of each business relationship, gather information on the customer's professional/business activity, and establish and apply risk-based procedures to reasonably verify that declared activity, using documents from the customer or independent information.

Collect information Verify

Data items: purpose and nature of relationship, customer professional/business activity

Los sujetos obligados obtendrán información sobre el propósito e índole prevista de la relación de negocios.

Translation: Obliged entities shall obtain information on the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Onboarding, Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 6Requires ongoing monitoring of the business relationship throughout its life: scrutinising transactions for consistency with the known…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 6. Seguimiento continuo de la relación de negocios. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán medidas de seguimiento continuo a la relación de negocios, incluido el escrutinio de las operaciones efectuadas a lo largo de dicha relación a fin de garantizar que coincidan con el conocimiento que tenga el sujeto obligado del cliente y de su perfil empresarial y de riesgo, incluido el origen de los fondos y garantizar que los documentos, datos e información de que se disponga estén actualizados.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 6. Ongoing monitoring of the business relationship. Obliged entities shall apply ongoing monitoring measures to the business relationship, including scrutiny of the transactions carried out throughout that relationship, in order to ensure that they are consistent with the obliged entity's knowledge of the client and of its business and risk profile, including the source of funds, and to ensure that the documents, data and information held are kept up to date.

Plain English

Requires ongoing monitoring of the business relationship throughout its life: scrutinising transactions for consistency with the known customer and risk profile (including source of funds) and keeping held documents, data and information up to date.

Obligation

Apply ongoing-monitoring measures to each business relationship, including scrutiny of transactions to check consistency with the customer's known business/risk profile and source of funds, and keep documents, data and information up to date.

Verify

Data items: transaction history, source of funds, customer documents and data

Los sujetos obligados aplicarán medidas de seguimiento continuo a la relación de negocios

Translation: Obliged entities shall apply ongoing monitoring measures to the business relationship

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 7Obliged entities must apply every due diligence measure, but may graduate the measures in Articles 4-6 by risk and by type of client,…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 7. Aplicación de las medidas de diligencia debida. 1. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán cada una de las medidas de diligencia debida previstas en los precedentes artículos, pero podrán determinar el grado de aplicación de las medidas establecidas en los artículos 4, 5 y 6 en función del riesgo y dependiendo del tipo de cliente, relación de negocios, producto u operación, recogiéndose estos extremos en la política expresa de admisión de clientes a que se refiere el artículo 26. Los sujetos obligados deberán estar en condiciones de demostrar a las autoridades competentes que las medidas adoptadas tienen el alcance adecuado en vista del riesgo de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo mediante un previo análisis de riesgo que en todo caso deberá constar por escrito. En todo caso los sujetos obligados aplicarán las medidas de diligencia debida cuando concurran indicios de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo, con independencia de cualquier excepción, exención o umbral, o cuando existan dudas sobre la veracidad o adecuación de los datos obtenidos con anterioridad. 2. Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el párrafo segundo del artículo 3.1, los sujetos obligados no solo aplicarán las medidas de diligencia debida previstas en este capítulo a todos los nuevos clientes sino, asimismo, a los clientes existentes, en función de un análisis del riesgo. En todo caso, los sujetos obligados aplicarán a los clientes existentes las medidas de diligencia debida en función del riesgo cuando se proceda a la contratación de nuevos productos, cambien las circunstancias del cliente o cuando se produzca una operación significativa por su volumen o complejidad y, en todo caso, cuando el sujeto obligado tenga obligación en el curso del año natural correspondiente de ponerse en contacto con el cliente para revisar la información pertinente relativa al titular o titulares reales. Lo dispuesto en este apartado se entenderá sin perjuicio de la responsabilidad exigible por el incumplimiento de obligaciones vigentes con anterioridad a la entrada en vigor de esta ley. 3. Los sujetos obligados no establecerán relaciones de negocio ni ejecutarán operaciones cuando no puedan aplicar las medidas de diligencia debida previstas en esta Ley. Cuando se aprecie la imposibilidad en el curso de la relación de negocios, los sujetos obligados pondrán fin a la misma, procediendo a realizar el examen especial a que se refiere el artículo 17. La negativa a establecer relaciones de negocio o a ejecutar operaciones o la terminación de la relación de negocios por imposibilidad de aplicar las medidas de diligencia debida previstas en esta Ley no conllevará, salvo que medie enriquecimiento injusto, ningún tipo de responsabilidad para los sujetos obligados. 4. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán las medidas de diligencia debida establecidas en este Capítulo a los fideicomisos como el trust anglosajón, la fiducia, el treuhand de la legislación alemana u otros instrumentos jurídicos análogos o masas patrimoniales que, careciendo de personalidad jurídica, puedan actuar en el tráfico económico. 5. Los casinos de juego identificarán y comprobarán mediante documentos fehacientes la identidad de cuantas personas pretendan acceder al establecimiento. La identidad de tales personas será registrada, sin perjuicio del cumplimiento de lo dispuesto en el artículo 25. Asimismo, los casinos de juego identificarán a cuantas personas pretendan realizar las siguientes operaciones: a) La entrega a los clientes de cheques como consecuencia de operaciones de cambio de fichas. b) Las transferencias de fondos realizadas por los casinos a petición de los clientes. c) La expedición por los casinos de certificaciones acreditativas de ganancias obtenidas por los jugadores. Cuando efectúen transacciones por un valor igual o superior a 2.000 euros en una operación o en varias operaciones entre las que parezca existir algún tipo de relación, ya sea en el momento del cobro de ganancias, de compra o venta de fichas de juego, los casinos deberán aplicar el resto de las medidas de diligencia debida respecto del cliente en los términos de esta Sección. 6. Los operadores de juego a través de medios electrónicos, informáticos, telemáticos e interactivos identificarán y comprobarán la identidad de cuantas personas pretendan participar en estos juegos o apuestas, en los términos previstos reglamentariamente. Cuando efectúen transacciones por un valor igual o superior a 2.000 euros en una operación o en varias operaciones entre las que parezca existir algún tipo de relación, ya sea en el momento del cobro de ganancias y/o de la realización de apuestas, estos operadores de juego deberán aplicar el resto de las medidas de diligencia debida respecto del cliente en los términos de esta Sección. Los operadores de juego a través de medios presenciales aplicarán las medidas de diligencia debida cuando efectúen transacciones por un valor igual o superior a 2.000 euros en una operación o en varias operaciones entre las que parezca existir algún tipo de relación. 7. Reglamentariamente podrá autorizarse la no aplicación de todas o algunas de las medidas de diligencia debida o de conservación de documentos en relación con aquellas operaciones ocasionales que no excedan de un umbral cuantitativo, bien singular, bien acumulado por periodos temporales. 8. Las entidades financieras que actúen como adquirentes solo aceptarán pagos efectuados con tarjetas prepago anónimas emitidas en países fuera de España cuando esas tarjetas cumplan con los umbrales y requisitos establecidos en el artículo 12 de la Directiva (UE) 2015/849.

Source notes
  • Se modifican los apartados 2 y 4 y se añade un apartado 8 por el art. 3.7 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872
  • Se modifican los apartados 5 y 6 y se añade un 7 por el art. 2.5 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131
  • Se añade el apartado 6 por la disposición final 6.2 de la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre. Ref. BOE-A-2013-12887.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 7. Application of due diligence measures. 1. Obliged entities shall apply each of the due diligence measures provided for in the preceding articles, but may determine the degree of application of the measures established in Articles 4, 5 and 6 according to the risk and depending on the type of client, business relationship, product or transaction, these matters being set out in the express client admission policy referred to in Article 26. Obliged entities must be able to demonstrate to the competent authorities that the measures adopted are of an appropriate scope in view of the risk of money laundering or terrorist financing, by means of a prior risk analysis which shall in all cases be recorded in writing. In all cases obliged entities shall apply the due diligence measures where there are indications of money laundering or terrorist financing, irrespective of any exception, exemption or threshold, or where there are doubts about the accuracy or adequacy of the data previously obtained. 2. Without prejudice to the second paragraph of Article 3.1, obliged entities shall apply the due diligence measures provided for in this Chapter not only to all new clients but also to existing clients, on the basis of a risk analysis. In all cases, obliged entities shall apply the due diligence measures to existing clients, according to risk, when new products are contracted, when the client's circumstances change or when a transaction significant by its volume or complexity takes place, and in all cases when the obliged entity is obliged, in the course of the relevant calendar year, to contact the client in order to review the relevant information relating to the beneficial owner or owners. This paragraph shall be without prejudice to the liability arising from failure to comply with obligations in force before the entry into force of this Act. 3. Obliged entities shall not establish business relationships or execute transactions where they cannot apply the due diligence measures provided for in this Act. Where that impossibility becomes apparent in the course of the business relationship, obliged entities shall terminate it and carry out the special examination referred to in Article 17. Refusing to establish business relationships or execute transactions, or terminating the business relationship, because the due diligence measures provided for in this Act cannot be applied shall not, unless there is unjust enrichment, entail any liability for the obliged entities. 4. Obliged entities shall apply the due diligence measures established in this Chapter to trusts such as the Anglo-Saxon trust, the fiducia, the German Treuhand or other similar legal arrangements or pools of assets which, lacking legal personality, may act in economic dealings. 5. Gaming casinos shall identify, and verify by means of reliable documents, the identity of all persons seeking to enter the establishment. The identity of such persons shall be recorded, without prejudice to compliance with Article 25. Gaming casinos shall also identify all persons seeking to carry out the following transactions: a) The delivery of cheques to clients as a result of chip exchange transactions. b) Transfers of funds made by casinos at the request of clients. c) The issue by casinos of certificates evidencing winnings obtained by players. When they carry out transactions of a value equal to or greater than EUR 2,000 in one transaction or in several transactions between which there appears to be some kind of link, whether at the time of collecting winnings or of buying or selling gaming chips, casinos shall apply the other customer due diligence measures on the terms of this Section. 6. Operators of games by electronic, computer, telematic and interactive means shall identify and verify the identity of all persons seeking to take part in those games or bets, on the terms provided for by regulation. When they carry out transactions of a value equal to or greater than EUR 2,000 in one transaction or in several transactions between which there appears to be some kind of link, whether at the time of collecting winnings and/or placing bets, these gaming operators shall apply the other customer due diligence measures on the terms of this Section. Operators of games by in-person means shall apply the due diligence measures when they carry out transactions of a value equal to or greater than EUR 2,000 in one transaction or in several transactions between which there appears to be some kind of link. 7. Regulations may authorise the non-application of all or some of the due diligence or record-keeping measures in relation to occasional transactions that do not exceed a quantitative threshold, either individually or cumulatively over periods of time. 8. Financial institutions acting as acquirers shall only accept payments made with anonymous prepaid cards issued in countries outside Spain where those cards meet the thresholds and requirements laid down in Article 12 of Directive (EU) 2015/849.

Plain English

Obliged entities must apply every due diligence measure, but may graduate the measures in Articles 4-6 by risk and by type of client, relationship, product or transaction, as set out in their client admission policy (Art. 26); they must be able to show the authorities, through a prior written risk analysis, that the scope is appropriate. Full due diligence is always required where there are indications of ML/TF, whatever any exception, exemption or threshold, and where earlier data is doubtful. Due diligence applies to existing clients on a risk basis, and in all cases when they contract new products, their circumstances change, a transaction is significant by volume or complexity, or the entity must contact them in the calendar year to review beneficial-ownership information. If due diligence cannot be applied, the entity must not establish the relationship or execute the transaction; if this emerges during the relationship it must end it and carry out an Article 17 special examination, and refusing or ending the relationship creates no liability unless there is unjust enrichment. Due diligence extends to trusts, fiducias, Treuhand and similar arrangements or pools of assets without legal personality. Casinos must identify and verify everyone entering and identify those receiving chip-exchange cheques, transfers or winnings certificates; casinos and online and in-person gaming operators apply full due diligence at EUR 2,000 or more (single or linked). Regulations may disapply measures for occasional transactions below a threshold. Financial institutions acting as acquirers may accept anonymous prepaid cards issued outside Spain only if they meet the Article 12 Directive (EU) 2015/849 thresholds and requirements.

Obligation

Apply CDD measures proportionate to a documented risk analysis, always in full where ML/TF indicators exist irrespective of any exemption or threshold; extend CDD on a risk basis to existing customers (mandatorily on new products, changed circumstances, significant transactions or the annual beneficial-owner review); refuse to deal or terminate the relationship (with a special examination under Article 17) where CDD cannot be completed; apply full CDD to casino entrants and to casino/gaming transactions of EUR 2,000 or more; and accept foreign anonymous prepaid cards only within the Article 12 Directive (EU) 2015/849 thresholds.

Assess Verify Prohibited action

Data items: written risk analysis, customer acceptance policy records

Los sujetos obligados aplicarán cada una de las medidas de diligencia debida previstas en los precedentes artículos

Translation: Obliged entities shall apply each of the due diligence measures provided for in the preceding articles

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Onboarding, Ongoing review, Offboarding
Conditions
Casino/gaming-specific triggers apply at EUR 2,000 single or linked-transaction value.
Exceptions
Regulations may dispense with CDD/record-keeping for occasional transactions below a set threshold; refusal/termination for CDD failure is shielded from liability absent unjust enrichment.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 8Allows an obliged entity to rely on another AML-regulated entity (in Spain, the EU or an equivalent third country) to carry out CDD —…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 8. Aplicación por terceros de las medidas de diligencia debida. 1. Los sujetos obligados podrán recurrir a terceros sometidos a la presente ley, así como a las organizaciones o federaciones de estos sujetos, para la aplicación de las medidas de diligencia debida previstas en esta Sección, con excepción del seguimiento continuo de la relación de negocios regulada en el artículo 6. Esta limitación no será aplicable en el caso de grupos. No obstante, los sujetos obligados mantendrán la plena responsabilidad respecto de la relación de negocios u operación, aun cuando el incumplimiento sea imputable al tercero, sin perjuicio, en su caso, de la responsabilidad de éste. 2. Los sujetos obligados podrán recurrir a terceros sometidos a la legislación de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo de otros Estados miembros de la Unión Europea o de países terceros equivalentes, así como a las organizaciones o federaciones de estas entidades obligadas, aun cuando los documentos o datos exigidos en aquéllos sean distintos de los previstos en la presente ley, y siempre que su cumplimiento sea objeto de supervisión por las autoridades competentes. Queda prohibido el recurso a terceros domiciliados en países terceros con deficiencias estratégicas identificados mediante Decisión de la Comisión Europea de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artículo 9 de la Directiva (UE) 2015/849 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de mayo de 2015, con excepción de las sucursales y filiales con participación mayoritaria de sujetos obligados establecidos en la Unión Europea, siempre que tales sucursales y filiales cumplan plenamente las políticas y procedimientos a nivel de grupo establecidos por la matriz. 3. El recurso a terceros para la aplicación de las medidas de diligencia debida exigirá la previa conclusión de un acuerdo escrito entre el sujeto obligado y el tercero, en el que se formalicen las respectivas obligaciones. Los terceros pondrán a inmediata disposición del sujeto obligado la información obtenida en aplicación de las medidas de diligencia debida. Asimismo, los terceros remitirán al sujeto obligado, a instancias de éste, copia de la documentación pertinente con arreglo a esta sección. 4. Lo dispuesto en el presente artículo no será de aplicación a las relaciones de externalización o agencia cuando, en virtud de un acuerdo contractual, el proveedor de servicios de externalización o agente deba ser considerado como parte del sujeto obligado. Los sujetos obligados, sin perjuicio de mantener la plena responsabilidad respecto del cliente, podrán aceptar las medidas de diligencia debida practicadas por sus filiales o sucursales domiciliadas en España o en terceros países.

Source notes
  • Se modifican los apartados 1 y 2 por el art. 2.6 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 8. Application of due diligence measures by third parties. 1. Obliged entities may rely on third parties subject to this Act, and on organisations or federations of such entities, for the application of the due diligence measures provided for in this Section, with the exception of the ongoing monitoring of the business relationship governed by Article 6. This limitation shall not apply in the case of groups. However, obliged entities shall retain full responsibility for the business relationship or transaction, even where the failure is attributable to the third party, without prejudice, where applicable, to the latter's liability. 2. Obliged entities may rely on third parties subject to the anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing legislation of other Member States of the European Union or of equivalent third countries, and on organisations or federations of such obliged entities, even where the documents or data required there differ from those provided for in this Act, provided that their compliance is supervised by the competent authorities. Reliance on third parties domiciled in third countries with strategic deficiencies identified by Decision of the European Commission in accordance with Article 9 of Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015 is prohibited, except for branches and majority-owned subsidiaries of obliged entities established in the European Union, provided that such branches and subsidiaries fully comply with the group-wide policies and procedures established by the parent. 3. Reliance on third parties for the application of due diligence measures shall require the prior conclusion of a written agreement between the obliged entity and the third party formalising their respective obligations. Third parties shall make the information obtained in applying the due diligence measures immediately available to the obliged entity. Third parties shall also send the obliged entity, at its request, a copy of the relevant documentation under this Section. 4. This Article shall not apply to outsourcing or agency relationships where, under a contractual agreement, the outsourcing service provider or agent is to be regarded as part of the obliged entity. Obliged entities, while retaining full responsibility for the client, may accept the due diligence measures carried out by their subsidiaries or branches domiciled in Spain or in third countries.

Plain English

Allows an obliged entity to rely on another AML-regulated entity (in Spain, the EU or an equivalent third country) to carry out CDD — but never ongoing monitoring — while keeping full responsibility itself, bans reliance on third parties in Commission-designated high-risk third countries (except group branches/subsidiaries following group policy), requires a written reliance agreement, and distinguishes this from outsourcing/agency and intra-group acceptance of CDD already done.

Obligation

Before relying on a third party for CDD, confirm it is itself AML-regulated (in Spain, an EU state or an equivalent third country) and not domiciled in an EU-designated high-risk third country (unless a group branch/subsidiary following group policy), put a written agreement in place, obtain the CDD information and documents from the third party on request, and retain full responsibility for the relationship regardless of third-party failure.

Verify

Data items: written reliance agreement, third-party CDD information and documents

los sujetos obligados mantendrán la plena responsabilidad respecto de la relación de negocios u operación, aun cuando el incumplimiento sea imputable al tercero

Translation: obliged entities shall retain full responsibility for the business relationship or transaction, even where the failure is attributable to the third party

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Onboarding
Conditions
Third party must itself be AML/CFT-regulated and supervised.
Exceptions
Prohibited for third parties in Commission-designated high-risk countries, save for majority-owned group branches/subsidiaries following group-wide policy; does not apply to outsourcing/agency treated as part of the obliged entity, or to a firm's own branches/subsidiaries.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 10Sets the conditions for using simplified due diligence: confirm reduced risk first, downgrade back to normal/enhanced CDD the moment…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 10. Aplicación de medidas simplificadas de diligencia debida. La aplicación de medidas simplificadas de diligencia debida será graduada en función del riesgo, con arreglo a los siguientes criterios: a) Con carácter previo a la aplicación de medidas simplificadas de diligencia debida respecto de un determinado cliente, producto u operación de los previstos reglamentariamente, los sujetos obligados comprobarán que comporta efectivamente un riesgo reducido de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo. b) La aplicación de las medidas simplificadas de diligencia debida será en todo caso congruente con el riesgo. Los sujetos obligados no aplicarán o cesarán de aplicar medidas simplificadas de diligencia debida tan pronto como aprecien que un cliente, producto u operación no comporta riesgos reducidos de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo. c) Los sujetos obligados mantendrán en todo caso un seguimiento continuo suficiente para detectar operaciones susceptibles de examen especial de conformidad con lo prevenido en el artículo 17.

Source notes
  • Se modifica por la disposición final 6.4 de la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre. Ref. BOE-A-2013-12887.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 10. Application of simplified due diligence measures. The application of simplified due diligence measures shall be graduated according to risk, in accordance with the following criteria: a) Before applying simplified due diligence measures in respect of a given client, product or transaction among those provided for by regulation, obliged entities shall verify that it actually involves a reduced risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. b) The application of simplified due diligence measures shall in all cases be consistent with the risk. Obliged entities shall not apply, or shall cease to apply, simplified due diligence measures as soon as they find that a client, product or transaction does not involve reduced risks of money laundering or terrorist financing. c) Obliged entities shall in all cases maintain ongoing monitoring sufficient to detect transactions liable to special examination in accordance with Article 17.

Plain English

Sets the conditions for using simplified due diligence: confirm reduced risk first, downgrade back to normal/enhanced CDD the moment risk is no longer reduced, and never let simplification remove the minimum ongoing monitoring needed to catch transactions requiring special examination.

Obligation

Before applying simplified CDD, verify the customer/product/transaction is genuinely reduced-risk; stop applying it immediately if that ceases to be true; and keep sufficient ongoing monitoring in place even under simplified CDD to catch transactions needing special examination under Article 17.

Assess

Con carácter previo a la aplicación de medidas simplificadas de diligencia debida respecto de un determinado cliente, producto u operación de los previstos reglamentariamente, los sujetos obligados comprobarán que comporta efectivamente un riesgo reducido de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo

Translation: Before applying simplified due diligence measures in respect of a given client, product or transaction among those provided for by regulation, obliged entities shall verify that it actually involves a reduced risk of money laundering or terrorist financing

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Onboarding, Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 11Requires enhanced due diligence for Commission-designated high-risk third countries and for any situation that is inherently…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 11. Medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida. 1. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán, además de las medidas normales de diligencia debida, medidas reforzadas en relación con los países que presenten deficiencias estratégicas en sus sistemas de lucha contra el blanqueo de capitales y la financiación del terrorismo y figuren en la decisión de la Comisión Europea adoptada de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el artículo 9 de la Directiva (UE) 2015/849 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 20 de mayo de 2015. 2. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán también medidas reforzadas en los supuestos previstos en la presente Sección, y en cualesquiera otros que, por presentar un alto riesgo de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo, se determinen reglamentariamente. Los sujetos obligados, aplicarán, en función de un análisis del riesgo, medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida en aquellas situaciones que por su propia naturaleza puedan presentar un riesgo más elevado de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo. En todo caso, tendrán esta consideración la actividad de banca privada y las operaciones de envío de dinero y de cambio de moneda extranjera que superen los umbrales establecidos reglamentariamente. 3. Reglamentariamente podrán concretarse las medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida exigibles en las áreas de negocio o actividades que presenten un riesgo más elevado de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo.

Source notes
  • Se modifica por el art. 2.7 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 11. Enhanced due diligence measures. 1. Obliged entities shall apply, in addition to the normal due diligence measures, enhanced measures in relation to countries that have strategic deficiencies in their systems for combating money laundering and terrorist financing and that appear in the decision of the European Commission adopted in accordance with Article 9 of Directive (EU) 2015/849 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 2015. 2. Obliged entities shall also apply enhanced measures in the cases provided for in this Section and in any others that, because they present a high risk of money laundering or terrorist financing, are determined by regulation. Obliged entities shall apply, on the basis of a risk analysis, enhanced due diligence measures in those situations which by their very nature may present a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing. In all cases, private banking and money remittance and foreign currency exchange transactions exceeding the thresholds established by regulation shall be so regarded. 3. The enhanced due diligence measures required in business areas or activities presenting a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing may be specified by regulation.

Plain English

Requires enhanced due diligence for Commission-designated high-risk third countries and for any situation that is inherently higher-risk, naming private banking and above-threshold money-remittance/currency-exchange transactions as always falling into that category.

Obligation

Apply enhanced due diligence, on top of normal CDD, to business with Commission-designated high-risk third countries, and to any situation assessed as presenting higher ML/TF risk, treating private banking and above-threshold remittance/currency-exchange transactions as automatically high-risk.

Assess

Los sujetos obligados aplicarán, además de las medidas normales de diligencia debida, medidas reforzadas

Translation: Obliged entities shall apply, in addition to the normal due diligence measures, enhanced measures

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Onboarding, Ongoing review
Conditions
Applies to dealings with countries on the European Commission high-risk list (Directive (EU) 2015/849, Art. 9), to the cases in this Section and in regulation (RD 304/2014, Art. 19), and to any situation that by its nature may present higher risk on the entity's risk analysis; private banking and money remittance and currency exchange above the regulatory thresholds are always higher risk.
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 12A business relationship or transaction may be set up by telephone, electronic or telematic means with a client who is not physically…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 12. Relaciones de negocio y operaciones no presenciales. 1. Los sujetos obligados podrán establecer relaciones de negocio o ejecutar operaciones a través de medios telefónicos, electrónicos o telemáticos con clientes que no se encuentren físicamente presentes, siempre que concurra alguna de las siguientes circunstancias: a) La identidad del cliente quede acreditada mediante la firma electrónica cualificada regulada en el Reglamento (UE) n.° 910/2014 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de julio de 2014, relativo a la identificación electrónica y los servicios de confianza para las transacciones electrónicas en el mercado interior y por la que se deroga la Directiva 1999/93/CE. En este caso no será necesaria la obtención de la copia del documento, si bien será preceptiva la conservación de los datos de identificación que justifiquen la validez del procedimiento. En el resto de casos, cuando la firma electrónica utilizada no reuniese los requisitos de la firma electrónica cualificada seguirá siendo preceptiva la obtención en un mes de una copia del documento de identificación. b) El primer ingreso proceda de una cuenta a nombre del mismo cliente abierta en una entidad domiciliada en España, en la Unión Europea o en países terceros equivalentes. c) Se verifiquen los requisitos que se determinen reglamentariamente. En todo caso, en el plazo de un mes desde el establecimiento de la relación de negocio, los sujetos obligados deberán obtener de estos clientes una copia de los documentos necesarios para practicar la diligencia debida. Cuando se aprecien discrepancias entre los datos facilitados por el cliente y otra información accesible o en poder del sujeto obligado, será preceptivo proceder a la identificación presencial. Los sujetos obligados adoptarán medidas adicionales de diligencia debida cuando en el curso de la relación de negocio aprecien riesgos superiores al riesgo promedio. 2. Los sujetos obligados establecerán políticas y procedimientos para afrontar los riesgos específicos asociados con las relaciones de negocio y operaciones no presenciales.

Source notes
  • Se modifica la letra a) del apartado 1 por la disposición final 2.2 de la Ley 18/2022, de 28 de septiembre. Ref. BOE-A-2022-15818
  • Se modifica la letra a) del apartado 1 por el art. 3.8 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 12. Non-face-to-face business relationships and transactions. 1. Obliged entities may establish business relationships or execute transactions by telephone, electronic or telematic means with clients who are not physically present, provided that any of the following circumstances applies: a) The client's identity is evidenced by means of the qualified electronic signature governed by Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market and repealing Directive 1999/93/EC. In this case it shall not be necessary to obtain a copy of the document, although the identification data justifying the validity of the procedure must be kept. In all other cases, where the electronic signature used does not meet the requirements of the qualified electronic signature, it shall remain compulsory to obtain a copy of the identity document within one month. b) The first payment comes from an account in the name of the same client opened with an entity domiciled in Spain, in the European Union or in equivalent third countries. c) The requirements determined by regulation are met. In all cases, within one month of the establishment of the business relationship, obliged entities shall obtain from these clients a copy of the documents necessary to carry out due diligence. Where discrepancies are found between the data provided by the client and other information accessible to or held by the obliged entity, face-to-face identification shall be compulsory. Obliged entities shall take additional due diligence measures where, in the course of the business relationship, they find risks higher than the average risk. 2. Obliged entities shall establish policies and procedures to address the specific risks associated with non-face-to-face business relationships and transactions.

Plain English

A business relationship or transaction may be set up by telephone, electronic or telematic means with a client who is not physically present only if: (a) identity is evidenced by a qualified electronic signature under Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 (no copy of the ID document is then needed, but the identification data proving the procedure's validity must be kept; with a non-qualified signature a copy of the ID document must be obtained within one month); (b) the first payment comes from an account in the client's own name with an entity in Spain, the EU or an equivalent third country; or (c) the requirements set by regulation are met (RD 304/2014, Art. 21). In all cases, the entity must obtain a copy of the documents needed for due diligence within one month of establishing the relationship. If the client's data conflicts with other information the entity holds or can access, face-to-face identification is compulsory. The entity must take additional due diligence measures if it finds above-average risk during the relationship, and must have policies and procedures for the specific risks of non-face-to-face business.

Obligation

Only onboard a non-face-to-face customer through one of the three defined gateways (qualified eIDAS signature, own-name first deposit from an EU/equivalent-country account, or another regulatory route); obtain a copy of CDD documents within one month in every case; switch to in-person identification on any data discrepancy; and maintain dedicated policies and procedures for non-face-to-face risk.

Verify Collect information

Data items: electronic signature validation data, identification document copy

En todo caso, en el plazo de un mes desde el establecimiento de la relación de negocio, los sujetos obligados deberán obtener de estos clientes una copia de los documentos necesarios para practicar la diligencia debida

Translation: In all cases, within one month of the establishment of the business relationship, obliged entities shall obtain from these clients a copy of the documents necessary to carry out due diligence

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
Individual customer, Company
Stages
Onboarding
Conditions
One of three gateways must be met; document copy due within one month.
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 14Enhanced due diligence applies to the business of persons with public responsibility (PEPs): those who hold or have held important…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 14. Personas con responsabilidad pública. 1. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán las medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida previstas en este artículo en las relaciones de negocio u operaciones de personas con responsabilidad pública. 2. Se considerarán personas con responsabilidad pública aquellas que desempeñen o hayan desempeñado funciones públicas importantes, tales como los jefes de Estado, jefes de Gobierno, ministros u otros miembros de Gobierno, secretarios de Estado o subsecretarios; los parlamentarios; los magistrados de tribunales supremos, tribunales constitucionales u otras altas instancias judiciales cuyas decisiones no admitan normalmente recurso, salvo en circunstancias excepcionales, con inclusión de los miembros equivalentes del Ministerio Fiscal; los miembros de tribunales de cuentas o de consejos de bancos centrales; los embajadores y encargados de negocios; el alto personal militar de las Fuerzas Armadas; los miembros de los órganos de administración, de gestión o de supervisión de empresas de titularidad pública; los directores, directores adjuntos y miembros del consejo de administración, o función equivalente, de una organización internacional; y los cargos de alta dirección de partidos políticos con representación parlamentaria. 3. Asimismo, tendrán la consideración de personas con responsabilidad pública: a) Las personas, distintas de las enumeradas en el apartado anterior, que tengan la consideración de alto cargo de conformidad con lo previsto en el artículo 1 de la Ley 3/2015, de 30 de marzo, reguladora del ejercicio de altos cargos de la Administración General del Estado. b) Las personas que desempeñen o hayan desempeñado funciones públicas importantes en el ámbito autonómico español, como los Presidentes y los Consejeros y demás miembros de los Consejos de Gobierno, así como las personas que desempeñen cargos equivalentes a los relacionados en la letra a), y los diputados autonómicos y los cargos de alta dirección de partidos políticos con representación autonómica. c) En el ámbito local español, los alcaldes, concejales y las personas que desempeñen cargos equivalentes a las relacionadas en la letra a) de los municipios capitales de provincia, o de Comunidad Autónoma y de las Entidades Locales de más de 50.000 habitantes, así como los cargos de alta dirección de partidos políticos con representación en dichas circunscripciones. d) Los cargos de alta dirección en organizaciones sindicales o empresariales españolas. e) Las personas que desempeñen funciones públicas importantes en las organizaciones internacionales acreditadas en España. Estas organizaciones deberán elaborar y mantener actualizada una lista de esas funciones públicas de conformidad con lo señalado en el apartado 2. La Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias elaborará y publicará una lista en la que se detallará qué tipo de funciones y puestos determinan la consideración de persona con responsabilidad pública española. 4. Ninguna de las categorías previstas en los apartados anteriores incluirá empleados públicos de niveles intermedios o inferiores. 5. En relación con los clientes o titulares reales enumerados en este artículo, los sujetos obligados, además de las medidas normales de diligencia debida, deberán en todo caso: a) Aplicar procedimientos adecuados de gestión del riesgo a fin de determinar si el cliente o el titular real es una persona con responsabilidad pública. Dichos procedimientos se incluirán en la política expresa de admisión de clientes a que se refiere el artículo 26. b) Obtener la autorización del inmediato nivel directivo, como mínimo, para establecer o mantener relaciones de negocios. c) Adoptar medidas adecuadas a fin de determinar el origen del patrimonio y de los fondos. d) Realizar un seguimiento reforzado y permanente de la relación de negocios. En los procedimientos internos de la entidad se determinará el nivel directivo mínimo necesario para la autorización de establecer o mantener relaciones de negocios, que podrá adecuarse en función del riesgo de la operación y del cliente concreto. Solamente podrán tener asignada esta función las personas que tengan conocimiento suficiente del nivel de exposición del sujeto obligado al riesgo de blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo y que cuenten con la jerarquía suficiente para tomar decisiones que afecten a esta exposición. 6. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán las medidas establecidas en el apartado anterior a los familiares y allegados de las personas con responsabilidad pública. A los efectos de este artículo tendrá la consideración de familiar el cónyuge o la persona ligada de forma estable por análoga relación de afectividad, así como los padres e hijos, y los cónyuges o personas ligadas a los hijos de forma estable por análoga relación de afectividad. Se considerará allegado toda persona física de la que sea notorio que ostente la titularidad o el control de un instrumento o persona jurídicos conjuntamente con una persona con responsabilidad pública, o que mantenga otro tipo de relaciones empresariales estrechas con la misma, o que ostente la titularidad o el control de un instrumento o persona jurídicos que notoriamente se haya constituido en beneficio de la misma. 7. Los sujetos obligados aplicarán medidas razonables para determinar si el beneficiario de una póliza de seguro de vida y, en su caso, el titular real del beneficiario, es una persona con responsabilidad pública con carácter previo al pago de la prestación derivada del contrato o al ejercicio de los derechos de rescate, anticipo o pignoración conferidos por la póliza. En esos casos, los sujetos obligados, además de las medidas normales de diligencia debida, deberán: a) Informar al inmediato nivel directivo, como mínimo, antes de proceder al pago, rescate, anticipo o pignoración. b) Realizar un escrutinio reforzado de la entera relación de negocios con el tomador de la póliza. c) Realizar el examen especial previsto en el artículo 17 a efectos de determinar si procede la comunicación por indicio de conformidad con el artículo 18. 8. Sin perjuicio del cumplimiento de lo establecido en los apartados anteriores, cuando, por concurrir las circunstancias previstas en el artículo 17, proceda el examen especial, los sujetos obligados adoptarán las medidas adecuadas para apreciar la eventual participación en el hecho u operación de quien ostente o haya ostentado la condición de cargo público representativo o alto cargo de las Administraciones Públicas, o de sus familiares o allegados. 9. Sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 11, cuando las personas contempladas en los apartados precedentes hayan dejado de desempeñar sus funciones, los sujetos obligados continuarán aplicando las medidas previstas en este artículo por un periodo de dos años. Transcurrido ese plazo, el sujeto obligado aplicará medidas de diligencia debida adecuadas, en función del riesgo que pudiera seguir presentado el cliente, y hasta tanto se determine por el sujeto obligado que ya no representa un riesgo específico derivado de su antigua condición de persona con responsabilidad pública.

Source notes
  • Se modifican las letras b) y c) y se añade la letra e) al apartado 3 por el art. 3.9 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872
  • Se modifica por el art. 2.9 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131
  • Se modifica por la disposición final 6.5 de la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre. Ref. BOE-A-2013-12887.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 14. Persons with public responsibility. 1. Obliged entities shall apply the enhanced due diligence measures provided for in this Article in business relationships or transactions of persons with public responsibility. 2. Persons with public responsibility shall be those who perform or have performed important public functions, such as heads of State, heads of Government, ministers or other members of Government, secretaries of State or under-secretaries; members of parliament; judges of supreme courts, constitutional courts or other high judicial bodies whose decisions are not normally subject to appeal, save in exceptional circumstances, including the equivalent members of the Public Prosecutor's Office; members of courts of auditors or of boards of central banks; ambassadors and chargés d'affaires; senior military personnel of the Armed Forces; members of the administrative, management or supervisory bodies of publicly owned undertakings; directors, deputy directors and members of the board, or equivalent function, of an international organisation; and senior managers of political parties with parliamentary representation. 3. The following shall also be regarded as persons with public responsibility: a) Persons, other than those listed in the preceding paragraph, who are senior officials under Article 1 of Act 3/2015 of 30 March regulating the exercise of senior office in the General State Administration. b) Persons who perform or have performed important public functions at Spanish regional (autonomous community) level, such as the Presidents and the Councillors and other members of the Governing Councils, as well as persons holding offices equivalent to those listed in letter a), and regional parliament members and senior managers of political parties with regional representation. c) At Spanish local level, mayors, councillors and persons holding offices equivalent to those listed in letter a) in municipalities that are provincial or autonomous-community capitals and in local entities of more than 50,000 inhabitants, as well as senior managers of political parties with representation in those constituencies. d) Senior managers of Spanish trade union or employers' organisations. e) Persons who perform important public functions in international organisations accredited in Spain. Those organisations shall draw up and keep updated a list of those public functions in accordance with paragraph 2. The Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences shall draw up and publish a list detailing which types of functions and posts determine the status of Spanish person with public responsibility. 4. None of the categories provided for in the preceding paragraphs shall include middle-ranking or junior public employees. 5. In relation to the clients or beneficial owners listed in this Article, obliged entities, in addition to the normal due diligence measures, shall in all cases: a) Apply appropriate risk management procedures to determine whether the client or the beneficial owner is a person with public responsibility. Those procedures shall be included in the express client admission policy referred to in Article 26. b) Obtain the authorisation of at least the immediate management level to establish or maintain business relationships. c) Take adequate measures to establish the source of wealth and of funds. d) Carry out enhanced and continuous monitoring of the business relationship. The institution's internal procedures shall determine the minimum management level required to authorise the establishment or maintenance of business relationships, which may be adjusted according to the risk of the transaction and of the particular client. This function may only be assigned to persons with sufficient knowledge of the obliged entity's level of exposure to money laundering and terrorist financing risk and with sufficient seniority to take decisions affecting that exposure. 6. Obliged entities shall apply the measures established in the preceding paragraph to family members and close associates of persons with public responsibility. For the purposes of this Article, family member means the spouse or person linked by a stable relationship of similar affection, as well as parents and children, and the spouses or persons linked to the children by a stable relationship of similar affection. Close associate means any natural person known to hold the ownership or control of a legal arrangement or legal person jointly with a person with public responsibility, or to maintain other types of close business relations with that person, or to hold the ownership or control of a legal arrangement or legal person known to have been set up for that person's benefit. 7. Obliged entities shall apply reasonable measures to determine whether the beneficiary of a life insurance policy and, where applicable, the beneficial owner of the beneficiary, is a person with public responsibility, before payment of the benefit under the contract or the exercise of the surrender, advance or pledge rights conferred by the policy. In those cases, obliged entities, in addition to the normal due diligence measures, shall: a) Inform at least the immediate management level before making the payment, surrender, advance or pledge. b) Carry out enhanced scrutiny of the entire business relationship with the policyholder. c) Carry out the special examination provided for in Article 17 in order to determine whether a report based on indications is required in accordance with Article 18. 8. Without prejudice to compliance with the preceding paragraphs, where the special examination is required because the circumstances in Article 17 apply, obliged entities shall take adequate measures to assess the possible involvement in the fact or transaction of anyone who holds or has held the status of elected public office-holder or senior official of the Public Administrations, or of their family members or close associates. 9. Without prejudice to Article 11, where the persons referred to in the preceding paragraphs have ceased to perform their functions, obliged entities shall continue to apply the measures provided for in this Article for a period of two years. After that period, the obliged entity shall apply appropriate due diligence measures, according to the risk the client may continue to present, until the obliged entity determines that the client no longer represents a specific risk arising from their former status as a person with public responsibility.

Plain English

Enhanced due diligence applies to the business of persons with public responsibility (PEPs): those who hold or have held important public functions (heads of State and Government, ministers, secretaries of State and under-secretaries, MPs, judges of supreme, constitutional and other high courts and equivalent prosecutors, members of courts of auditors and central-bank boards, ambassadors and chargés d'affaires, senior military officers, board members of publicly owned undertakings, directors and board members of international organisations, senior managers of parliamentary parties), plus Spanish senior officials under Act 3/2015, regional presidents, councillors, parliamentarians and party leaders, mayors and councillors of provincial or regional capitals and of local entities over 50,000 inhabitants, senior managers of trade unions and employers' organisations, and important office-holders in international organisations accredited in Spain. Middle-ranking and junior public employees are never PEPs. The Commission publishes a list of Spanish PEP functions. For PEP clients or beneficial owners an entity must, in addition to normal due diligence: have risk-management procedures (in its client admission policy) to detect PEPs; obtain at least immediate-management-level approval to establish or keep the relationship (the approving level is set in internal procedures and held only by people who understand and can act on the entity's ML/TF exposure); establish the source of wealth and funds; and monitor the relationship on an enhanced and continuous basis. The same applies to family members (spouse or partner, parents, children and their spouses or partners) and close associates (joint owners or controllers of legal persons or arrangements, other close business relations, or owners of entities set up for the PEP's benefit). Before paying a life-insurance benefit or allowing surrender, advance or pledge, the entity must take reasonable measures to find out whether the beneficiary (or its beneficial owner) is a PEP and, if so, inform at least the immediate management level beforehand, scrutinise the whole relationship with the policyholder on an enhanced basis, and carry out an Article 17 special examination to decide whether to report under Article 18. In any special examination it must assess whether current or former elected office-holders or senior officials, or their relatives or associates, are involved. Measures continue for two years after a PEP leaves office, and then risk-based measures continue until the entity determines the former status no longer presents a specific risk.

Obligation

Identify whether a customer, beneficial owner or life-insurance beneficiary is a PEP (or their family member/close associate) using the Article 26 acceptance policy, obtain senior-management authorisation before onboarding, establish source of wealth and funds, apply enhanced ongoing monitoring, run a special examination before any PEP-linked life-insurance payout, and keep these measures running for two years after the person leaves office.

Assess Verify Report

Data items: PEP status determination, source of wealth and funds, senior management authorisation

Los sujetos obligados aplicarán las medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida previstas en este artículo en las relaciones de negocio u operaciones de personas con responsabilidad pública.

Translation: Obliged entities shall apply the enhanced due diligence measures provided for in this Article in business relationships or transactions of persons with public responsibility.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
Individual customer, Company, Trust or legal arrangement
Stages
Onboarding, Ongoing review, Investigation
Conditions
Applies where the client or a beneficial owner (or a life-insurance beneficiary or its beneficial owner) is a person with public responsibility, a family member or a close associate; measures continue for two years after the person leaves office, then on a risk basis.
Exceptions
Middle-ranking or junior public employees are not persons with public responsibility.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 15Authorises obliged entities (and specialist third parties) to build and share PEP-screening databases without consent or notice to the…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 15. Tratamiento de datos de personas con responsabilidad pública. 1. A fin de dar cumplimiento a las medidas establecidas en el artículo anterior, los sujetos obligados podrán proceder a la creación de ficheros donde se contengan los datos identificativos de las personas con responsabilidad pública, aun cuando no mantuvieran con las mismas una relación de negocios. A tal efecto los sujetos obligados podrán recabar la información disponible acerca de las personas con responsabilidad pública sin contar con el consentimiento del interesado, aun cuando dicha información no se encuentre disponible en fuentes accesibles al público. Los datos contenidos en los ficheros creados por los sujetos obligados únicamente podrán ser utilizados para el cumplimiento de las medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida previstas en esta Ley. 2. Será igualmente posible la creación por terceros distintos de los sujetos obligados de ficheros en los que se incluyan los datos identificativos de quienes tengan la condición de personas con responsabilidad pública con la exclusiva finalidad de colaborar con los sujetos obligados en el cumplimiento de las medidas reforzadas de diligencia debida. Quienes procedan a la creación de estos ficheros no podrán emplear los datos para ninguna otra finalidad distinta de la señalada en el párrafo anterior. 3. El tratamiento y cesión de los datos a los que se refieren los dos apartados anteriores quedarán sujetos a lo dispuesto en el Reglamento (UE) 2016/679 del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de abril de 2016, relativo a la protección de las personas físicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de esos datos, en adelante, “Reglamento (UE) 2016/679, de 27 de abril de 2016’’ y en la Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, de Protección de Datos Personales y garantía de los derechos digitales, en adelante, “Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre”. No obstante, no será preciso informar a los afectados acerca de la inclusión de sus datos en los ficheros a los que se refiere este artículo. 4. Los sujetos obligados y los terceros a que se refiere el apartado 2 deberán establecer procedimientos que permitan la actualización continua de los datos contenidos en los ficheros relativos a las personas con responsabilidad pública. En todo caso deberán aplicarse las medidas técnicas y organizativas apropiadas para garantizar un nivel de seguridad adecuado al riesgo.

Source notes
  • Se modifican los apartados 3 y 4 por el art. 3.10 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 15. Processing of data on persons with public responsibility. 1. In order to comply with the measures established in the preceding Article, obliged entities may create files containing the identification data of persons with public responsibility, even where they do not maintain a business relationship with them. For that purpose obliged entities may obtain the available information on persons with public responsibility without the consent of the data subject, even where that information is not available in publicly accessible sources. The data contained in the files created by obliged entities may only be used for compliance with the enhanced due diligence measures provided for in this Act. 2. Third parties other than obliged entities may likewise create files including the identification data of those who are persons with public responsibility, for the sole purpose of assisting obliged entities in complying with the enhanced due diligence measures. Those who create such files may not use the data for any purpose other than that indicated in the preceding sentence. 3. The processing and disclosure of the data referred to in the two preceding paragraphs shall be subject to Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, hereinafter "Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of 27 April 2016", and to Organic Act 3/2018 of 5 December on the Protection of Personal Data and guarantee of digital rights, hereinafter "Organic Act 3/2018 of 5 December". However, it shall not be necessary to inform the data subjects of the inclusion of their data in the files referred to in this Article. 4. Obliged entities and the third parties referred to in paragraph 2 shall establish procedures allowing the continuous updating of the data contained in the files relating to persons with public responsibility. In all cases, appropriate technical and organisational measures shall be applied to ensure a level of security appropriate to the risk.

Plain English

Authorises obliged entities (and specialist third parties) to build and share PEP-screening databases without consent or notice to the data subject, strictly for enhanced-due-diligence purposes, subject to GDPR/Organic Law 3/2018 and a duty to keep the data current and secure.

Obligation

If maintaining or using a PEP-identification file, use it only for Article 14 enhanced-due-diligence purposes, keep it updated, secure it to a risk-appropriate standard, and process/disclose the data under GDPR and Organic Law 3/2018 (no consent or notification to the data subject required).

Collect information Retain records

Data items: PEP identification data

Los sujetos obligados y los terceros a que se refiere el apartado 2 deberán establecer procedimientos que permitan la actualización continua de los datos contenidos en los ficheros relativos a las personas con responsabilidad pública

Translation: Obliged entities and the third parties referred to in paragraph 2 shall establish procedures allowing the continuous updating of the data contained in the files relating to persons with public responsibility

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
Individual customer
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Applies where the entity creates or uses files of PEP identification data under the paragraph 1 permission.
Exceptions
Data subjects need not be informed of their inclusion in the files.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 16Obliged entities must pay special attention to ML/TF risks arising from products or transactions that favour anonymity and from new…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 16. Productos u operaciones propicias al anonimato y nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos. Los sujetos obligados prestarán especial atención a todo riesgo de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo que pueda derivarse de productos u operaciones propicias al anonimato, o de nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos, y tomarán medidas adecuadas a fin de impedir su uso para fines de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo. En tales casos, los sujetos obligados efectuarán un análisis específico de los posibles riesgos en relación con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo, que deberá documentarse y estar a disposición de las autoridades competentes.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 16. Products or transactions favouring anonymity and new technological developments. Obliged entities shall pay special attention to any risk of money laundering or terrorist financing that may arise from products or transactions favouring anonymity, or from new technological developments, and shall take adequate measures to prevent their use for money laundering or terrorist financing purposes. In such cases, obliged entities shall carry out a specific analysis of the possible risks in relation to money laundering or terrorist financing, which must be documented and kept available to the competent authorities.

Plain English

Obliged entities must pay special attention to ML/TF risks arising from products or transactions that favour anonymity and from new technological developments, take adequate measures to prevent their use for ML/TF, and in those cases carry out a specific, documented analysis of the possible ML/TF risks, kept available to the competent authorities.

Obligation

Identify products, transactions or new technologies that are conducive to anonymity, carry out and document a specific ML/TF risk analysis for them, keep it available to competent authorities, and take adequate steps to prevent their use for ML/TF.

Assess Retain records

Data items: documented risk analysis of anonymity-prone product/technology

Los sujetos obligados prestarán especial atención a todo riesgo de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo que pueda derivarse de productos u operaciones propicias al anonimato, o de nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos

Translation: Obliged entities shall pay special attention to any risk of money laundering or terrorist financing that may arise from products or transactions favouring anonymity, or from new technological developments

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
All stages
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 17Creates the core "look harder" duty: scrutinise any fact or transaction that could, by nature, relate to money laundering or terrorist…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 17. Examen especial. Los sujetos obligados examinarán con especial atención cualquier hecho u operación, con independencia de su cuantía, que, por su naturaleza, pueda estar relacionado con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo, reseñando por escrito los resultados del examen. En particular, los sujetos obligados examinarán con especial atención toda operación o pauta de comportamiento compleja, inusual o sin un propósito económico o lícito aparente, o que presente indicios de simulación o fraude. Al establecer las medidas de control interno a que se refiere el artículo 26, los sujetos obligados concretarán el modo en que se dará cumplimiento a este deber de examen especial, que incluirá la elaboración y difusión entre sus directivos, empleados y agentes de una relación de operaciones susceptibles de estar relacionadas con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo, la periódica revisión de tal relación y la utilización de aplicaciones informáticas apropiadas, teniendo en cuenta el tipo de operaciones, sector de negocio, ámbito geográfico y volumen de la información. Reglamentariamente, podrán determinarse operaciones que serán en todo caso objeto de examen especial por los sujetos obligados.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 17. Special examination. Obliged entities shall examine with special attention any fact or transaction, regardless of its amount, which by its nature may be related to money laundering or terrorist financing, recording the results of the examination in writing. In particular, obliged entities shall examine with special attention any complex or unusual transaction or pattern of behaviour, or one with no apparent economic or lawful purpose, or showing signs of simulation or fraud. When establishing the internal control measures referred to in Article 26, obliged entities shall specify how this duty of special examination is to be complied with, which shall include drawing up and circulating among their managers, employees and agents a list of transactions liable to be related to money laundering or terrorist financing, periodically reviewing that list and using appropriate computer applications, taking into account the type of transactions, business sector, geographical area and volume of information. Transactions that shall in all cases be subject to special examination by obliged entities may be determined by regulation.

Plain English

Creates the core "look harder" duty: scrutinise any fact or transaction that could, by nature, relate to money laundering or terrorist financing, regardless of amount, and record the examination result in writing. Give particular attention to complex or unusual transactions or behaviour, those with no apparent economic or lawful purpose, and signs of simulation or fraud. Embed the examination process in internal controls through a circulated and periodically reviewed red-flag list and appropriate computer applications, calibrated to operations, sector, geography and information volume.

Obligation

Give special, written examination to any fact or transaction that could by its nature relate to money laundering or terrorist financing regardless of amount, with particular scrutiny of complex or unusual patterns, those with no apparent economic or lawful purpose, and signs of simulation or fraud; embed this in internal controls via a circulated and periodically reviewed red-flag list and suitable computer applications.

Assess Retain records

Data items: written special-examination record, internal red-flag list

Los sujetos obligados examinarán con especial atención cualquier hecho u operación, con independencia de su cuantía, que, por su naturaleza, pueda estar relacionado con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo

Translation: Obliged entities shall examine with special attention any fact or transaction, regardless of its amount, which by its nature may be related to money laundering or terrorist financing

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Investigation
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 18After the Article 17 special examination, an obliged entity must report to SEPBLAC (the Executive Service of the Commission), on its own…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 18. Comunicación por indicio. 1. Los sujetos obligados comunicarán, por iniciativa propia, al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias (en adelante, el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión) cualquier hecho u operación, incluso la mera tentativa, respecto al que, tras el examen especial a que se refiere el artículo precedente, exista indicio o certeza de que está relacionado con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo. En particular, se consideran operaciones por indicio y se comunicarán al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión los casos que, tras el examen especial, el sujeto obligado conozca, sospeche o tenga motivos razonables para sospechar que tengan relación con el blanqueo de capitales, o con sus delitos precedentes o con la financiación del terrorismo, incluyendo aquellos casos que muestren una falta de correspondencia ostensible con la naturaleza, volumen de actividad o antecedentes operativos de los clientes, siempre que en el examen especial no se aprecie justificación económica, profesional o de negocio para la realización de las operaciones. 2. Las comunicaciones a que se refiere el apartado precedente se efectuarán sin dilación de conformidad con los procedimientos correspondientes según el artículo 26 y contendrán, en todo caso, la siguiente información: a) Relación e identificación de las personas físicas o jurídicas que participan en la operación y concepto de su participación en ella. b) Actividad conocida de las personas físicas o jurídicas que participan en la operación y correspondencia entre la actividad y la operación. c) Relación de operaciones vinculadas y fechas a que se refieren con indicación de su naturaleza, moneda en que se realizan, cuantía, lugar o lugares de ejecución, finalidad e instrumentos de pago o cobro utilizados. d) Gestiones realizadas por el sujeto obligado comunicante para investigar la operación comunicada. e) Exposición de las circunstancias de toda índole de las que pueda inferirse el indicio o certeza de relación con el blanqueo de capitales o con la financiación del terrorismo o que pongan de manifiesto la falta de justificación económica, profesional o de negocio para la realización de la operación. f) Cualesquiera otros datos relevantes para la prevención del blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo que se determinen reglamentariamente. En todo caso, la comunicación al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión vendrá precedida de un proceso estructurado de examen especial de la operación de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 17. En los casos en que el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión estime que el examen especial realizado resulta insuficiente, devolverá la comunicación al sujeto obligado a efectos de que por éste se profundice en el examen de la operación, en la que se expresarán sucintamente los motivos de la devolución y el contenido a examinar. En el caso de operaciones meramente intentadas, el sujeto obligado registrará la operación como no ejecutada, comunicando al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión la información que se haya podido obtener. 3. La comunicación por indicio se efectuará por los sujetos obligados en el soporte y con el formato que determine el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión. 4. Los directivos o empleados de los sujetos obligados podrán comunicar directamente al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión las operaciones de que conocieran y respecto de las cuales estimen que concurren indicios o certeza de estar relacionadas con el blanqueo de capitales o con la financiación del terrorismo, en los casos en que, habiendo sido puestas de manifiesto internamente, el sujeto obligado no hubiese informado al directivo o empleado comunicante del curso dado a su comunicación.

Source notes
  • Se modifica el párrafo segúndo del apartado 1 por el art. 3.11 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 18. Reporting based on indications. 1. Obliged entities shall report, on their own initiative, to the Executive Service of the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences (hereinafter, the Executive Service of the Commission) any fact or transaction, including mere attempts, in respect of which, after the special examination referred to in the preceding Article, there is an indication or certainty that it is related to money laundering or terrorist financing. In particular, cases which, after the special examination, the obliged entity knows, suspects or has reasonable grounds to suspect are related to money laundering, to its predicate offences or to terrorist financing shall be regarded as transactions based on indications and shall be reported to the Executive Service of the Commission, including cases showing an evident lack of correspondence with the nature, volume of activity or operating history of the clients, provided that the special examination finds no economic, professional or business justification for carrying out the transactions. 2. The reports referred to in the preceding paragraph shall be made without delay in accordance with the relevant procedures under Article 26 and shall in all cases contain the following information: a) List and identification of the natural or legal persons participating in the transaction and the nature of their participation in it. b) Known activity of the natural or legal persons participating in the transaction and the correspondence between that activity and the transaction. c) List of related transactions and the dates to which they refer, indicating their nature, the currency in which they are carried out, amount, place or places of execution, purpose and the payment or collection instruments used. d) Steps taken by the reporting obliged entity to investigate the reported transaction. e) Statement of the circumstances of any kind from which the indication or certainty of a relationship with money laundering or terrorist financing may be inferred, or which show the lack of economic, professional or business justification for carrying out the transaction. f) Any other data relevant to the prevention of money laundering or terrorist financing determined by regulation. In all cases, the report to the Executive Service of the Commission shall be preceded by a structured process of special examination of the transaction in accordance with Article 17. Where the Executive Service of the Commission considers that the special examination carried out is insufficient, it shall return the report to the obliged entity so that it may examine the transaction in greater depth, briefly stating the reasons for the return and the content to be examined. In the case of merely attempted transactions, the obliged entity shall record the transaction as not executed, reporting to the Executive Service of the Commission the information it has been able to obtain. 3. The report based on indications shall be made by obliged entities on the medium and in the format determined by the Executive Service of the Commission. 4. Managers or employees of obliged entities may report directly to the Executive Service of the Commission transactions of which they are aware and in respect of which they consider that there are indications or certainty of a relationship with money laundering or terrorist financing, in cases where, having raised them internally, the obliged entity has not informed the reporting manager or employee of the action taken on their report.

Plain English

After the Article 17 special examination, an obliged entity must report to SEPBLAC (the Executive Service of the Commission), on its own initiative and without delay, any fact or transaction, including mere attempts, where there is an indication or certainty of a link with money laundering, its predicate offences or terrorist financing, i.e. where it knows, suspects or has reasonable grounds to suspect such a link, including obvious mismatches with the client's nature, volume of activity or history with no economic, professional or business justification. The report follows the Article 26 procedures and must include: the parties and their roles; their known activity and its fit with the transaction; the related transactions (dates, nature, currency, amount, places, purpose, payment instruments); the steps taken to investigate; the circumstances supporting the indication or the lack of justification; and any data set by regulation. It must be preceded by a structured special examination; SEPBLAC may return an insufficient report for deeper examination. Attempted transactions are recorded as not executed and the information obtained is reported. Reports use SEPBLAC's medium and format. A manager or employee who raised a case internally and was not told what happened to it may report directly to SEPBLAC.

Obligation

After an Article 17 special examination finds an indication or certainty of ML/TF (or a clear mismatch with known customer activity lacking economic/business justification), report the fact or transaction — including mere attempts — to SEPBLAC without delay, in the prescribed format, with the full content set out in paragraph 2; deepen the examination if SEPBLAC returns the report as insufficient.

Report Assess

Data items: parties and roles, related transaction details, investigative steps taken, grounds for suspicion

Los sujetos obligados comunicarán, por iniciativa propia, al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias

Translation: Obliged entities shall report, on their own initiative, to the Executive Service of the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Investigation
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 19An obliged entity must refrain from executing any transaction covered by Article 18 (one showing an indication or certainty of ML/TF…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 19. Abstención de ejecución. 1. Los sujetos obligados se abstendrán de ejecutar cualquier operación de las señaladas en el artículo precedente. No obstante, cuando dicha abstención no sea posible o pueda dificultar la investigación, los sujetos obligados podrán ejecutar la operación, efectuando inmediatamente una comunicación de conformidad con lo establecido en el artículo 18. La comunicación al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión expondrá, además de la información a que se refiere el artículo 18.2, los motivos que justificaron la ejecución de la operación. 2. A efectos de esta Ley se entenderá por justa causa que motive la negativa a la autorización del notario o su deber de abstención la presencia en la operación bien de varios indicadores de riesgo de los señalados por el órgano centralizado de prevención o bien de indicio manifiesto de simulación o fraude de ley. Para ello, y sin perjuicio de lo dispuesto en el artículo 24, el notario recabará del cliente los datos precisos para valorar la concurrencia de tales indicadores o circunstancias en la operación. Respecto de los registradores, la obligación de abstención a que se refiere este artículo en ningún caso impedirá la inscripción del acto o negocio jurídico en los registros de la propiedad, mercantil o de bienes muebles.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 19. Refraining from execution. 1. Obliged entities shall refrain from executing any transaction of those referred to in the preceding Article. However, where refraining is not possible or may hinder the investigation, obliged entities may execute the transaction, immediately making a report in accordance with Article 18. The report to the Executive Service of the Commission shall set out, in addition to the information referred to in Article 18.2, the reasons that justified executing the transaction. 2. For the purposes of this Act, just cause justifying a notary's refusal to authorise or duty to refrain shall be the presence in the transaction either of several of the risk indicators identified by the centralised prevention body or of a manifest indication of simulation or fraud of law. For that purpose, and without prejudice to Article 24, the notary shall obtain from the client the data needed to assess whether such indicators or circumstances are present in the transaction. In respect of registrars, the duty to refrain referred to in this Article shall in no case prevent the registration of the act or legal transaction in the land, commercial or movable property registers.

Plain English

An obliged entity must refrain from executing any transaction covered by Article 18 (one showing an indication or certainty of ML/TF after special examination). If refraining is impossible or may hinder the investigation, it may execute the transaction but must immediately report it under Article 18, explaining in addition why it was executed. For notaries, just cause to refuse authorisation is the presence of several risk indicators identified by the notaries' centralised prevention body or a manifest indication of simulation or fraud of law, and the notary must obtain the client data needed to assess this; for registrars, the duty to refrain never prevents registration of the act in the land, commercial or movable property registers.

Obligation

Abstain from executing any transaction identified under Article 18's special-examination/reporting process; if abstention is impossible or would hinder the investigation, execute it but file an immediate report explaining the grounds for execution; notaries may refuse authorisation only on the specific just-cause test in paragraph 2, and registrars must still register the underlying act despite any duty to abstain.

Prohibited action Report

Data items: grounds for executing despite abstention duty

Los sujetos obligados se abstendrán de ejecutar cualquier operación de las señaladas en el artículo precedente.

Translation: Obliged entities shall refrain from executing any transaction of those referred to in the preceding Article.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Investigation
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Execution is permitted where abstention is impossible or would hinder investigation, subject to immediate reporting; registrars' registration duty is unaffected.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 20Creates a separate, routine reporting channel (distinct from indication-based STRs) for transaction categories set by regulation,…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 20. Comunicación sistemática. 1. En todo caso los sujetos obligados comunicarán al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión con la periodicidad que se determine las operaciones que se establezcan reglamentariamente. Sin perjuicio de ello, cuando las operaciones sujetas a comunicación sistemática presenten indicios o certeza de estar relacionadas con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo, se estará a lo dispuesto en los artículos 17, 18 y 19. Reglamentariamente podrá exceptuarse de la obligación de comunicación sistemática de operaciones a determinadas categorías de sujetos obligados. De no existir operaciones susceptibles de comunicación los sujetos obligados comunicarán esta circunstancia al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión con la periodicidad que se determine reglamentariamente. 2. La comunicación sistemática de operaciones se efectuará por los sujetos obligados en el soporte y con el formato que determine el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 20. Systematic reporting. 1. Obliged entities shall in all cases report to the Executive Service of the Commission, with the frequency determined, the transactions established by regulation. Notwithstanding this, where transactions subject to systematic reporting show indications or certainty of being related to money laundering or terrorist financing, Articles 17, 18 and 19 shall apply. Certain categories of obliged entities may be exempted by regulation from the obligation of systematic reporting of transactions. If there are no reportable transactions, obliged entities shall report that circumstance to the Executive Service of the Commission with the frequency determined by regulation. 2. Systematic reporting of transactions shall be made by obliged entities on the medium and in the format determined by the Executive Service of the Commission.

Plain English

Creates a separate, routine reporting channel (distinct from indication-based STRs) for transaction categories set by regulation, including a duty to file a "nil return" where there is nothing to report, and confirms that a systematic-report transaction showing genuine ML/TF indicators also triggers the special-examination/STR/abstention regime.

Obligation

Report, at the prescribed frequency and in the prescribed format, the transaction categories regulation designates for systematic reporting to SEPBLAC, file a nil return when there is nothing to report, and separately apply Articles 17-19 if a systematically-reported transaction also shows ML/TF indicators.

Report

Data items: regulation-prescribed transaction categories

los sujetos obligados comunicarán al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión con la periodicidad que se determine las operaciones que se establezcan reglamentariamente

Translation: obliged entities shall report to the Executive Service of the Commission, with the frequency determined, the transactions established by regulation

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Scope and frequency set by regulation (see RD 304/2014 Art. 27).
Exceptions
Regulations may exempt certain categories of obliged entity.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 21Obliged entities must provide the documentation and information that the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 21. Colaboración con la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias y con sus órganos de apoyo. 1. Los sujetos obligados facilitarán la documentación e información que la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias o sus órganos de apoyo les requieran para el ejercicio de sus competencias. Los requerimientos precisarán la documentación que haya de ser aportada o los extremos que hayan de ser informados e indicarán expresamente el plazo en que deban ser atendidos. Transcurrido el plazo para la remisión de la documentación o información requerida sin que ésta haya sido aportada o cuando se aporte de forma incompleta por omisión de datos que impidan examinar la situación en debida forma, se entenderá incumplida la obligación establecida en el presente artículo. 2. Los sujetos obligados establecerán, en el marco de las medidas de control interno a que se refiere el artículo 26, sistemas que les permitan responder de forma completa y diligente a las solicitudes de información que les curse la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias, sus órganos de apoyo u otras autoridades legalmente competentes sobre si mantienen o han mantenido a lo largo de los diez años anteriores relaciones de negocios con determinadas personas físicas o jurídicas y sobre la naturaleza de dichas relaciones.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 21. Cooperation with the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences and with its support bodies. 1. Obliged entities shall provide the documentation and information that the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences or its support bodies require of them for the exercise of their powers. Requests shall specify the documentation to be provided or the matters to be reported on and shall expressly indicate the time limit within which they must be complied with. Where the time limit for sending the requested documentation or information has expired without it being provided, or where it is provided incompletely through the omission of data preventing the situation from being properly examined, the obligation established in this Article shall be deemed to have been breached. 2. Obliged entities shall establish, within the framework of the internal control measures referred to in Article 26, systems enabling them to respond fully and diligently to requests for information from the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences, its support bodies or other legally competent authorities as to whether they maintain or have maintained during the previous ten years business relationships with specified natural or legal persons and on the nature of those relationships.

Plain English

Obliged entities must provide the documentation and information that the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences or its support bodies (including SEPBLAC) request within the stated time limit; a late response, or one so incomplete that the situation cannot be properly examined, is a breach. As part of their Article 26 internal controls they must have systems able to answer fully and diligently, for the Commission, its support bodies or other competent authorities, whether they have had a business relationship with a specified person in the previous ten years and its nature.

Obligation

Respond fully and within the stated deadline to documentation/information requests from the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences or its support bodies, and maintain systems able to answer, for the preceding ten years, whether a specified person has had a business relationship with the entity and its nature.

Report

Data items: ten-year business-relationship history

Los sujetos obligados facilitarán la documentación e información que la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias o sus órganos de apoyo les requieran para el ejercicio de sus competencias.

Translation: Obliged entities shall provide the documentation and information that the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences or its support bodies require of them for the exercise of their powers.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 24Obliged entities and their managers and employees must not disclose to the client or anyone else that information has been reported to…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 24. Prohibición de revelación. 1. Los sujetos obligados y sus directivos o empleados no revelarán al cliente ni a terceros que se ha comunicado información al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión, o que se está examinando o puede examinarse alguna operación por si pudiera estar relacionada con el blanqueo de capitales o con la financiación del terrorismo. Esta prohibición no incluirá la revelación a las autoridades competentes, incluidos los órganos centralizados de prevención, o la revelación por motivos policiales en el marco de una investigación penal. 2. La prohibición establecida en el apartado precedente no impedirá: a) La comunicación de información entre sujetos obligados que pertenezcan al mismo grupo. A estos efectos, se estará a la definición de grupo establecida en el artículo 42 del Código de Comercio. Esta excepción es aplicable a la comunicación de información con sujetos obligados domiciliados en terceros países, siempre que se aplique en ellos políticas y procedimientos de grupo que cumplan con los requisitos establecidos en esta ley. b) La comunicación de información entre los sujetos obligados a que se refieren los párrafos m) y ñ) del artículo 2.1, cuando ejerzan sus actividades profesionales, ya sea como empleados o de otro modo, dentro de la misma entidad jurídica o en una red. Se entenderá por red, a estos efectos, la estructura más amplia a la que pertenece la persona y que comparte una propiedad, gestión o supervisión de cumplimiento comunes. c) La comunicación de información, referida a un mismo cliente y a una misma operación en la que intervengan dos o más entidades o personas, entre entidades financieras o entre los sujetos obligados a que se refieren los párrafos m) y ñ) del artículo 2.1, siempre que pertenezcan a la misma categoría profesional y estén sujetos a obligaciones equivalentes en lo relativo al secreto profesional y a la protección de datos personales. La información intercambiada se utilizará exclusivamente a efectos de la prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo. Las excepciones establecidas en las letras anteriores también serán aplicables a la comunicación de información entre personas o entidades domiciliadas en la Unión Europea o en países terceros equivalentes. Queda prohibida la comunicación de información con personas o entidades domiciliadas en países terceros no calificados como equivalentes o respecto de los que la Comisión Europea adopte la decisión a que se refiere la Disposición adicional de esta Ley. 3. Cuando los sujetos obligados a que se refieren las letras m) y ñ) del artículo 2.1 intenten disuadir a un cliente de una actividad ilegal, ello no constituirá revelación a efectos de lo dispuesto en el apartado primero.

Source notes
  • Se modifica la letra a) del apartado 2 por el art. 3.12 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 24. Prohibition of disclosure. 1. Obliged entities and their managers or employees shall not disclose to the client or to third parties that information has been reported to the Executive Service of the Commission, or that any transaction is being or may be examined in case it might be related to money laundering or terrorist financing. This prohibition shall not include disclosure to the competent authorities, including the centralised prevention bodies, or disclosure for law-enforcement purposes in the context of a criminal investigation. 2. The prohibition established in the preceding paragraph shall not prevent: a) The communication of information between obliged entities belonging to the same group. For these purposes, the definition of group established in Article 42 of the Commercial Code shall apply. This exception applies to the communication of information with obliged entities domiciled in third countries, provided that group policies and procedures complying with the requirements established in this Act are applied in them. b) The communication of information between the obliged entities referred to in letters m) and ñ) of Article 2.1, when they carry on their professional activities, whether as employees or otherwise, within the same legal entity or in a network. For these purposes, a network means the larger structure to which the person belongs and which shares common ownership, management or compliance supervision. c) The communication of information, relating to the same client and the same transaction involving two or more entities or persons, between financial institutions or between the obliged entities referred to in letters m) and ñ) of Article 2.1, provided that they belong to the same professional category and are subject to equivalent obligations as regards professional secrecy and the protection of personal data. The information exchanged shall be used exclusively for the purposes of preventing money laundering and terrorist financing. The exceptions established in the preceding letters shall also apply to the communication of information between persons or entities domiciled in the European Union or in equivalent third countries. The communication of information with persons or entities domiciled in third countries not designated as equivalent, or in respect of which the European Commission adopts the decision referred to in the Additional Provision of this Act, is prohibited. 3. Where the obliged entities referred to in letters m) and ñ) of Article 2.1 seek to dissuade a client from engaging in illegal activity, this shall not constitute disclosure for the purposes of paragraph 1.

Plain English

Obliged entities and their managers and employees must not disclose to the client or anyone else that information has been reported to SEPBLAC or that a transaction is or may be under examination for possible ML/TF. Disclosure to competent authorities (including centralised prevention bodies) and for law-enforcement purposes in a criminal investigation is not covered. The prohibition does not prevent: sharing within a group (Commercial Code Art. 42), including with third-country group entities applying compliant group policies; sharing between auditors, accountants, tax advisers, lawyers and similar professionals (Art. 2.1 m) and ñ)) within the same legal entity or network; and sharing about the same client and transaction between financial institutions, or between those professionals, of the same professional category and subject to equivalent secrecy and data-protection duties, used only for AML/CFT. These exceptions extend to counterparts in the EU or equivalent third countries; sharing with persons in non-equivalent third countries, or in countries subject to the European Commission decision referred to in the Act's additional provision, is prohibited. A professional under letters m) or ñ) trying to dissuade a client from illegal activity is not making a disclosure.

Obligation

Never disclose to a customer or third party that a report has been made to SEPBLAC or that a transaction is under or may be subject to examination, except to competent/police authorities, within the defined group/network/same-category information-sharing exceptions limited to EU or equivalent-country counterparts, and never with non-equivalent third countries.

Prohibited action

Los sujetos obligados y sus directivos o empleados no revelarán al cliente ni a terceros que se ha comunicado información al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión

Translation: Obliged entities and their managers or employees shall not disclose to the client or to third parties that information has been reported to the Executive Service of the Commission

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Investigation
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Disclosure to competent/police authorities, and the group/network/same-category sharing routes in paragraph 2, limited to EU/equivalent third countries.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 25Sets the retention backbone: ten years for CDD and transaction documentation, deletion after that, restricted access after five years to…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 25. Conservación de documentos. 1. Los sujetos obligados conservarán durante un período de diez años la documentación en que se formalice el cumplimiento de las obligaciones establecidas en la presente ley, procediendo tras el mismo a su eliminación. Transcurridos cinco años desde la terminación de la relación de negocios o la ejecución de la operación ocasional, la documentación conservada únicamente será accesible por los órganos de control interno del sujeto obligado, con inclusión de las unidades técnicas de prevención, y, en su caso, aquellos encargados de su defensa legal. En particular, los sujetos obligados conservarán para su uso en toda investigación o análisis, en materia de posibles casos de blanqueo de capitales o de financiación del terrorismo, por parte del Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión o de cualquier otra autoridad legalmente competente: a) Copia de los documentos exigibles en aplicación de las medidas de diligencia debida, durante un periodo de diez años desde la terminación de la relación de negocios o la ejecución de la operación. b) Original o copia con fuerza probatoria de los documentos o registros que acrediten adecuadamente las operaciones, los intervinientes en las mismas y las relaciones de negocio, durante un periodo de diez años desde la ejecución de la operación o la terminación de la relación de negocios. 2. Los sujetos obligados, con las excepciones que se determinen reglamentariamente, almacenarán las copias de los documentos de identificación a que se refiere el artículo 3.2 en soportes ópticos, magnéticos o electrónicos que garanticen su integridad, la correcta lectura de los datos, la imposibilidad de manipulación y su adecuada conservación y localización. En todo caso, el sistema de archivo de los sujetos obligados deberá asegurar la adecuada gestión y disponibilidad de la documentación, tanto a efectos de control interno, como de atención en tiempo y forma a los requerimientos de las autoridades. 3. En el caso de la identificación realizada de conformidad con lo dispuesto en el Reglamento (UE) n.º 910/2014, de 23 de julio de 2014, del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 23 de julio de 2014, relativo a la identificación electrónica y los servicios de confianza para las transacciones electrónicas en el mercado interior, la obligación de conservación se extenderá a los datos e información que acrediten la identificación por esos medios.

Source notes
  • Se añade el apartado 3 por el art. 3.13 del Real Decreto-ley 7/2021, de 27 de abril. Ref. BOE-A-2021-6872
  • Se modifica el apartado 1 por el art. 2.10 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 25. Record-keeping. 1. Obliged entities shall keep for a period of ten years the documentation evidencing compliance with the obligations established in this Act, and shall delete it after that period. Five years after the termination of the business relationship or the execution of the occasional transaction, the documentation kept shall be accessible only to the obliged entity's internal control bodies, including the technical prevention units and, where applicable, those responsible for its legal defence. In particular, obliged entities shall keep, for use in any investigation or analysis of possible cases of money laundering or terrorist financing by the Executive Service of the Commission or any other legally competent authority: a) A copy of the documents required in applying the due diligence measures, for a period of ten years from the termination of the business relationship or the execution of the transaction. b) The original or a copy with evidential force of the documents or records adequately evidencing the transactions, the parties to them and the business relationships, for a period of ten years from the execution of the transaction or the termination of the business relationship. 2. Obliged entities, with the exceptions determined by regulation, shall store copies of the identity documents referred to in Article 3.2 on optical, magnetic or electronic media guaranteeing their integrity, the correct reading of the data, the impossibility of tampering and their adequate preservation and location. In all cases, the obliged entities' filing system must ensure the adequate management and availability of the documentation, both for internal control purposes and for responding in due time and form to requests from the authorities. 3. In the case of identification carried out in accordance with Regulation (EU) No 910/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 on electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the internal market, the record-keeping obligation shall extend to the data and information evidencing identification by those means.

Plain English

Sets the retention backbone: ten years for CDD and transaction documentation, deletion after that, restricted access after five years to internal control/legal-defence functions only, secure optical/magnetic/electronic storage for identification document copies, and retention extended to the data evidencing eIDAS-based electronic identification.

Obligation

Retain CDD, transaction and business-relationship documentation for ten years from the end of the relationship/transaction, then delete it; restrict access after five years to internal-control and legal-defence functions; store identification document copies on tamper-proof, retrievable optical/magnetic/electronic media; and extend retention to data evidencing eIDAS electronic identification.

Retain records

Data items: CDD documentation, transaction and business-relationship records, electronic identification data

Los sujetos obligados conservarán durante un período de diez años la documentación en que se formalice el cumplimiento de las obligaciones establecidas en la presente ley

Translation: Obliged entities shall keep for a period of ten years the documentation evidencing compliance with the obligations established in this Act

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Offboarding, Ongoing review
Conditions
10-year retention from end of relationship/transaction; 5-year access restriction within that period; deletion required after the 10-year period.
Exceptions
Regulations may except certain obliged entities from the optical/magnetic/electronic storage requirement in paragraph 2.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 26Obliged entities must approve in writing and apply adequate policies and procedures on due diligence, reporting, record-keeping,…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 26. Políticas y procedimientos. 1. Los sujetos obligados aprobarán por escrito y aplicarán políticas y procedimientos adecuados en materia de diligencia debida, información, conservación de documentos, control interno, evaluación y gestión de riesgos, garantía del cumplimiento de las disposiciones pertinentes y comunicación, con objeto de prevenir e impedir operaciones relacionadas con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo. 2. Los sujetos obligados aprobarán por escrito y aplicarán una política expresa de admisión de clientes. Dicha política incluirá una descripción de aquellos tipos de clientes que podrían presentar un riesgo superior al riesgo promedio. La política de admisión de clientes será gradual, adoptándose precauciones reforzadas respecto de aquellos clientes que presenten un riesgo superior al promedio. Cuando exista un órgano centralizado de prevención de las profesiones colegiadas sujetas a la presente ley, corresponderá al mismo la aprobación por escrito de la política expresa de admisión de clientes. 3. Las políticas y procedimientos serán de aplicación a las sucursales y filiales del grupo situadas en terceros países, sin perjuicio de las adaptaciones necesarias para el cumplimiento de las normas específicas del país de acogida, con las especificaciones que se determinen reglamentariamente. En el caso de sucursales y filiales del grupo en otros Estados miembros de la Unión Europea, los sujetos obligados darán cumplimiento a las obligaciones contenidas en el país de acogida. A efectos de la definición de grupo se estará a lo dispuesto en el artículo 42 del Código de Comercio. 4. Sin perjuicio de la aplicación de lo dispuesto en esta ley, las entidades españolas que operen en un país de la Unión Europea mediante agentes u otras formas de establecimiento permanente distintas a una sucursal, deberán cumplir con lo dispuesto en la normativa de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo del país en el que operan. 5. Los sujetos obligados deberán aprobar un manual adecuado de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y de la financiación del terrorismo, que se mantendrá actualizado, con información completa sobre las medidas de control interno a que se refieren los apartados anteriores. Para el ejercicio de su función de supervisión e inspección, el manual estará a disposición del Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión y, en caso de convenio, de los órganos supervisores de las entidades financieras. 6. El Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión y, en caso de convenio, los órganos supervisores de las entidades financieras, podrán proponer al Comité Permanente de la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias la formulación de requerimientos instando a los sujetos obligados a adoptar las medidas correctoras oportunas respecto de sus manuales y procedimientos internos. 7. Reglamentariamente podrán determinarse los sujetos obligados exceptuados del cumplimiento de las obligaciones relacionadas en los apartados 1, 2 y 5 de este artículo.

Source notes
  • Se modifica por el art. 2.11 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131
  • Se modifica el apartado 4 por la disposición final 6.6 de la Ley 19/2013, de 9 de diciembre. Ref. BOE-A-2013-12887.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 26. Policies and procedures. 1. Obliged entities shall approve in writing and apply adequate policies and procedures on due diligence, reporting, record-keeping, internal control, risk assessment and management, ensuring compliance with the relevant provisions, and communication, in order to prevent and stop transactions related to money laundering or terrorist financing. 2. Obliged entities shall approve in writing and apply an express client admission policy. That policy shall include a description of those types of clients that could present a higher than average risk. The client admission policy shall be graduated, with enhanced precautions being adopted in respect of clients presenting a higher than average risk. Where there is a centralised prevention body for the regulated professions subject to this Act, it shall be responsible for approving the express client admission policy in writing. 3. The policies and procedures shall apply to branches and subsidiaries of the group located in third countries, without prejudice to the adaptations necessary to comply with the specific rules of the host country, with the specifications determined by regulation. In the case of branches and subsidiaries of the group in other Member States of the European Union, obliged entities shall comply with the obligations in force in the host country. For the definition of group, Article 42 of the Commercial Code shall apply. 4. Without prejudice to the application of this Act, Spanish entities operating in a country of the European Union through agents or other forms of permanent establishment other than a branch must comply with the anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing rules of the country in which they operate. 5. Obliged entities must approve an adequate anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing manual, which shall be kept up to date, with complete information on the internal control measures referred to in the preceding paragraphs. For the exercise of their supervisory and inspection function, the manual shall be available to the Executive Service of the Commission and, where there is an agreement, to the supervisory bodies of financial institutions. 6. The Executive Service of the Commission and, where there is an agreement, the supervisory bodies of financial institutions, may propose to the Standing Committee of the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences the issue of requirements calling on obliged entities to adopt appropriate corrective measures in respect of their manuals and internal procedures. 7. The obliged entities exempted from compliance with the obligations listed in paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 of this Article may be determined by regulation.

Plain English

Obliged entities must approve in writing and apply adequate policies and procedures on due diligence, reporting, record-keeping, internal control, risk assessment and management, compliance assurance and communication, to prevent and stop ML/TF transactions. They must approve in writing and apply an express, graduated client admission policy describing the types of client that could present higher-than-average risk and applying enhanced precautions to them (for regulated professions with a centralised prevention body, that body approves the policy). The policies apply to group branches and subsidiaries in third countries, adapted as needed to host-country rules and as specified by regulation; branches and subsidiaries in other EU Member States follow host-country rules (group as in Commercial Code Art. 42). Spanish entities operating in another EU country through agents or other non-branch establishments must comply with that country's AML/CFT rules as well as this Act. They must approve and keep up to date an AML/CFT manual with complete information on their internal controls, available to SEPBLAC and, under agreement, to the financial supervisors. SEPBLAC or those supervisors may propose that the Commission's Standing Committee issue requirements for corrective measures to manuals and procedures. Regulation may exempt some obliged entities from paragraphs 1, 2 and 5 (RD 304/2014, Art. 31).

Obligation

Approve in writing and apply AML/CFT policies and procedures covering due diligence, reporting, retention, internal control, risk assessment and compliance; approve a graduated written customer-acceptance policy; extend these policies to group branches/subsidiaries (adapted for host-country rules); and maintain an updated prevention manual available to SEPBLAC.

Retain records

Data items: written AML/CFT policies and procedures, customer-acceptance policy, prevention manual

Los sujetos obligados aprobarán por escrito y aplicarán políticas y procedimientos adecuados en materia de diligencia debida, información, conservación de documentos, control interno, evaluación y gestión de riesgos

Translation: Obliged entities shall approve in writing and apply adequate policies and procedures on due diligence, reporting, record-keeping, internal control, risk assessment and management

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
All stages
Conditions
Group policies adapted to host-country rules for EU branches/subsidiaries and third-country branches/subsidiaries.
Exceptions
Regulations may exempt certain obliged entities from paragraphs 1, 2 and 5.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 26 bisRequires a separate internal whistleblowing channel (even anonymous) for reporting suspected AML policy/compliance breaches within the…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 26 bis. Procedimientos internos de comunicación de potenciales incumplimientos. 1. Los sujetos obligados establecerán procedimientos internos para que sus empleados, directivos o agentes puedan comunicar, incluso anónimamente, información relevante sobre posibles incumplimientos de esta ley, su normativa de desarrollo o las políticas y procedimientos implantados para darles cumplimiento, cometidos en el seno del sujeto obligado. Estos procedimientos podrán integrarse en los sistemas que hubiera podido establecer el sujeto obligado para la comunicación de informaciones relativas a la comisión de actos o conductas que pudieran resultar contrarios a la restante normativa general o sectorial que les fuere aplicable. 2. Será de aplicación a estos sistemas y procedimientos lo dispuesto en la normativa de protección de datos de carácter personal para los sistemas de información de denuncias internas. A estos efectos, se considerarán como órganos de control interno y cumplimiento exclusivamente los regulados en el artículo 26 ter. 3. Los sujetos obligados adoptarán medidas para garantizar que los empleados, directivos o agentes que informen de las infracciones cometidas en la entidad sean protegidos frente a represalias, discriminaciones y cualquier otro tipo de trato injusto. 4. La obligación de establecimiento del procedimiento de comunicación descrito en los apartados anteriores, no sustituye la necesaria existencia de mecanismos específicos e independientes de comunicación interna de operaciones sospechosas de estar vinculadas con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo por parte de empleados a las que se refiere el artículo 18. 5. Reglamentariamente podrán determinarse los sujetos obligados exceptuados del cumplimiento de la obligación prevista en este artículo.

Source notes
  • Se añade por el art. 2.12 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131
  • Texto añadido, publicado el 04/09/2018, en vigor a partir del 04/09/2018.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 26 bis. Internal procedures for reporting potential breaches. 1. Obliged entities shall establish internal procedures so that their employees, managers or agents can report, including anonymously, relevant information on possible breaches of this Act, its implementing rules or the policies and procedures implemented to comply with them, committed within the obliged entity. These procedures may be integrated into any systems the obliged entity may have established for reporting information on the commission of acts or conduct that may be contrary to the other general or sectoral rules applicable to it. 2. The personal data protection rules for internal whistleblowing information systems shall apply to these systems and procedures. For these purposes, only the bodies governed by Article 26 ter shall be regarded as internal control and compliance bodies. 3. Obliged entities shall take measures to ensure that employees, managers or agents who report breaches committed within the entity are protected against retaliation, discrimination and any other kind of unfair treatment. 4. The obligation to establish the reporting procedure described in the preceding paragraphs does not replace the necessary existence of specific and independent mechanisms for internal reporting by employees of transactions suspected of being linked to money laundering or terrorist financing, referred to in Article 18. 5. The obliged entities exempted from compliance with the obligation provided for in this Article may be determined by regulation.

Plain English

Requires a separate internal whistleblowing channel (even anonymous) for reporting suspected AML policy/compliance breaches within the firm — distinct from the Article 18 suspicious-transaction channel — with data-protection compliance and anti-retaliation protection for whistleblowers.

Obligation

Establish an internal channel, open to anonymous use, by which employees, directors or agents can report suspected breaches of AML/CFT law or the entity's own policies; protect reporters from retaliation; comply with whistleblowing data-protection rules; and keep this channel distinct from the Article 18 suspicious-transaction escalation route.

Data items: internal breach reports

Los sujetos obligados establecerán procedimientos internos para que sus empleados, directivos o agentes puedan comunicar, incluso anónimamente, información relevante sobre posibles incumplimientos de esta ley

Translation: Obliged entities shall establish internal procedures so that their employees, managers or agents can report, including anonymously, relevant information on possible breaches of this Act

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Regulations may exempt certain obliged entities.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 26 terEach obliged entity must designate as its representative before SEPBLAC a Spain-resident person holding an administrative or management…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 26 ter. Órgano de control interno y representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo. 1. Los sujetos obligados designarán como representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión a una persona residente en España que ejerza cargo de administración o dirección de la sociedad. En los grupos que integren varios sujetos obligados, el representante será único y deberá ejercer cargo de administración o dirección de la sociedad dominante del grupo. En el caso de empresarios o profesionales individuales será representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión el titular de la actividad. 2. Con las excepciones que se determinen reglamentariamente, la propuesta de nombramiento del representante, acompañada de una descripción detallada de su trayectoria profesional, será comunicada al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión que, de forma razonada, podrá formular reparos u observaciones. El representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión será responsable del cumplimiento de las obligaciones de información establecidas en la presente ley, para lo que tendrá acceso sin limitación alguna a cualquier información obrante en el sujeto obligado así como en cualquiera de las entidades del grupo, en su caso. 3. Los sujetos obligados cuya administración central se encuentre en otro Estado miembro de la Unión Europea y que operen en España mediante agentes u otras formas de establecimiento permanente distintas de la sucursal deberán nombrar un representante residente en España, que tendrá la consideración de punto central de contacto. Los sujetos obligados que operen en España en régimen de libre prestación de servicios deberán asimismo designar un representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión, sin que sea exigible su residencia en España. 4. Los sujetos obligados establecerán un órgano adecuado de control interno responsable de la aplicación de las políticas y procedimientos a que se refiere el artículo 26. El órgano de control interno, que contará, en su caso, con representación de las distintas áreas de negocio del sujeto obligado, se reunirá, levantando acta expresa de los acuerdos adoptados, con la periodicidad que se determine en el procedimiento de control interno. 5. Para el ejercicio de sus funciones el representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión y el órgano de control interno deberán contar con los recursos materiales, humanos y técnicos necesarios. 6. Los órganos de prevención del blanqueo de capitales y la financiación del terrorismo operarán, en todo caso, con separación funcional del departamento o unidad de auditoría interna del sujeto obligado. 7. Reglamentariamente se determinarán las categorías de sujetos obligados que puedan exceptuarse de la obligación de constitución de un órgano de control interno, siendo las funciones de éste ejercidas en tales supuestos por el representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión. La norma reglamentaria determinará también las categorías de sujetos obligados para los que sea exigible la constitución de unidades técnicas para el tratamiento y análisis de la información.

Source notes
  • Se añade por el art. 2.13 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131
  • Texto añadido, publicado el 04/09/2018, en vigor a partir del 04/09/2018.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 26 ter. Internal control body and representative before the Executive Service. 1. Obliged entities shall designate as representative before the Executive Service of the Commission a person resident in Spain who holds an administrative or management position in the company. In groups comprising several obliged entities, there shall be a single representative, who must hold an administrative or management position in the parent company of the group. In the case of individual entrepreneurs or professionals, the representative before the Executive Service of the Commission shall be the holder of the activity. 2. With the exceptions determined by regulation, the proposed appointment of the representative, accompanied by a detailed description of their professional career, shall be notified to the Executive Service of the Commission, which may, giving reasons, raise objections or make observations. The representative before the Executive Service of the Commission shall be responsible for compliance with the reporting obligations established in this Act, for which purpose they shall have unrestricted access to any information held by the obliged entity and, where applicable, by any of the group entities. 3. Obliged entities whose head office is in another Member State of the European Union and which operate in Spain through agents or other forms of permanent establishment other than a branch must appoint a representative resident in Spain, who shall be regarded as the central contact point. Obliged entities operating in Spain under the freedom to provide services must also designate a representative before the Executive Service of the Commission, without residence in Spain being required. 4. Obliged entities shall establish an adequate internal control body responsible for applying the policies and procedures referred to in Article 26. The internal control body, which shall, where applicable, include representatives of the obliged entity's different business areas, shall meet, recording the decisions adopted in express minutes, with the frequency determined in the internal control procedure. 5. To perform their functions, the representative before the Executive Service of the Commission and the internal control body must have the necessary material, human and technical resources. 6. The bodies for the prevention of money laundering and terrorist financing shall in all cases operate functionally separate from the obliged entity's internal audit department or unit. 7. The categories of obliged entities that may be exempted from the obligation to set up an internal control body shall be determined by regulation, its functions being exercised in such cases by the representative before the Executive Service of the Commission. The regulation shall also determine the categories of obliged entities required to set up technical units for the processing and analysis of information.

Plain English

Each obliged entity must designate as its representative before SEPBLAC a Spain-resident person holding an administrative or management position (a single representative for a group, from the parent's management; the business owner for individual entrepreneurs and professionals). Except as regulation provides, the proposed appointment, with a detailed CV, is notified to SEPBLAC, which may object or comment with reasons. The representative is responsible for the Act's reporting obligations and has unrestricted access to all information in the entity and its group. EU-headquartered entities operating in Spain through agents or other non-branch establishments must appoint a Spain-resident representative as central contact point; entities operating under the freedom to provide services must also appoint a representative (no residence requirement). Entities must set up an adequate internal control body to apply the Article 26 policies and procedures, including where appropriate the different business areas, meeting at the frequency set in the internal control procedure and minuting its decisions; the representative and the body must have the necessary material, human and technical resources, and AML/CFT bodies must be functionally separate from internal audit. Regulation sets which categories may do without an internal control body (the representative then performs its functions) and which must have technical units to process and analyse information (RD 304/2014, Art. 35).

Obligation

Appoint a Spain-resident, management-level representative to SEPBLAC (a single one for a group, notified to SEPBLAC with a professional-background description), establish an adequately resourced internal-control body functionally separate from internal audit, hold minuted meetings at the set frequency, and give the representative unrestricted access to all relevant entity/group information.

Appoint a role

Data items: representative professional background, internal-control body minutes

Los sujetos obligados designarán como representante ante el Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión a una persona residente en España que ejerza cargo de administración o dirección de la sociedad.

Translation: Obliged entities shall designate as representative before the Executive Service of the Commission a person resident in Spain who holds an administrative or management position in the company.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
All stages
Conditions
EU cross-border agents/non-branch establishments require a Spain-resident point of contact; freedom-of-services entities need a representative without a residence requirement.
Exceptions
Regulations may exempt some obliged-entity categories from establishing a separate internal-control body (functions then fall to the representative).
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 28Mandates an annual independent external review of internal AML controls (downgradeable to a lighter follow-up report for two years after…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 28. Examen externo. 1. Las medidas y órganos de control interno a que se refieren los artículos 26, 26 bis y 26 ter serán objeto de examen anual por un experto externo. Los resultados del examen serán consignados en un informe escrito que describirá detalladamente las medidas de control interno existentes, valorará su eficacia operativa y propondrá, en su caso, eventuales rectificaciones o mejoras. No obstante, en los dos años sucesivos a la emisión del informe podrá éste ser sustituido por un informe de seguimiento emitido por el experto externo, referido exclusivamente a la adecuación de las medidas adoptadas por el sujeto obligado para solventar las deficiencias identificadas. Mediante orden del Ministro de Economía y Empresa podrán aprobarse los modelos a que habrán de ajustarse los informes emitidos. El informe se elevará en el plazo máximo de tres meses desde la fecha de emisión al Consejo de Administración o, en su caso, al órgano de administración o al principal órgano directivo del sujeto obligado, que adoptará las medidas necesarias para solventar las deficiencias identificadas. 2. Los sujetos obligados deberán encomendar la práctica del examen externo a personas que reúnan condiciones académicas y de experiencia profesional que las hagan idóneas para el desempeño de la función. Quienes pretendan actuar como expertos externos deberán comunicarlo al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión antes de iniciar su actividad e informar a éste semestralmente de la relación de sujetos obligados cuyas medidas de control interno hayan examinado. Los sujetos obligados no podrán encomendar la práctica del examen externo a aquellas personas físicas que les hayan prestado o presten cualquier otra clase de servicios retribuidos durante los tres años anteriores o posteriores a la emisión del informe. 3. El informe estará en todo caso a disposición de la Comisión de Prevención del Blanqueo de Capitales e Infracciones Monetarias o de sus órganos de apoyo durante los cinco años siguientes a la fecha de emisión. 4. La obligación establecida en este artículo no será exigible a los empresarios o profesionales individuales.

Source notes
  • Se modifica el apartado 1 por el art. 2.15 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 28. External review. 1. The internal control measures and bodies referred to in Articles 26, 26 bis and 26 ter shall be reviewed annually by an external expert. The results of the review shall be set out in a written report describing in detail the existing internal control measures, assessing their operational effectiveness and proposing any corrections or improvements. However, in the two years following the issue of the report, it may be replaced by a follow-up report issued by the external expert, referring exclusively to the adequacy of the measures adopted by the obliged entity to remedy the deficiencies identified. Models to which the reports must conform may be approved by order of the Minister of Economy and Business. The report shall be submitted within a maximum of three months from the date of issue to the Board of Directors or, where applicable, to the administrative body or principal management body of the obliged entity, which shall adopt the measures necessary to remedy the deficiencies identified. 2. Obliged entities must entrust the external review to persons having the academic qualifications and professional experience that make them suitable for the function. Those wishing to act as external experts must notify the Executive Service of the Commission before starting their activity and inform it every six months of the list of obliged entities whose internal control measures they have reviewed. Obliged entities may not entrust the external review to natural persons who have provided or provide them with any other kind of paid services during the three years before or after the issue of the report. 3. The report shall in all cases be available to the Commission for the Prevention of Money Laundering and Monetary Offences or its support bodies for the five years following the date of issue. 4. The obligation established in this Article shall not be required of individual entrepreneurs or professionals.

Plain English

Mandates an annual independent external review of internal AML controls (downgradeable to a lighter follow-up report for two years after a full review), a board-level escalation and remediation duty, independence rules for the external expert, five-year availability to the Commission, and an exemption for sole traders/individual professionals.

Obligation

Commission an annual external expert review of internal-control measures under Articles 26, 26 bis and 26 ter (a lighter follow-up report is permitted for the following two years), escalate the written report to the Board/senior management within three months for remediation, use an independent expert (no other paid services to the entity within three years either side) who has notified SEPBLAC, and keep the report available to the Commission for five years.

Assess Retain records

Data items: external review report

Las medidas y órganos de control interno a que se refieren los artículos 26, 26 bis y 26 ter serán objeto de examen anual por un experto externo.

Translation: The internal control measures and bodies referred to in Articles 26, 26 bis and 26 ter shall be reviewed annually by an external expert.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Annual review, replaceable by a lighter follow-up report for the two subsequent years.
Exceptions
Does not apply to individual traders or professionals.
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 29Requires a documented, risk-based annual training plan, approved by the internal-control body, that gives staff ongoing, specific…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 29. Formación de empleados. Los sujetos obligados adoptarán las medidas oportunas para que sus empleados tengan conocimiento de las exigencias derivadas de esta Ley. Estas medidas incluirán la participación debidamente acreditada de los empleados en cursos específicos de formación permanente orientados a detectar las operaciones que puedan estar relacionadas con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo e instruirles sobre la forma de proceder en tales casos. Las acciones formativas serán objeto de un plan anual que, diseñado en función de los riesgos del sector de negocio del sujeto obligado, será aprobado por el órgano de control interno.

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 29. Employee training. Obliged entities shall take the appropriate measures so that their employees are aware of the requirements arising from this Act. These measures shall include the duly evidenced participation of employees in specific ongoing training courses aimed at detecting transactions that may be related to money laundering or terrorist financing and instructing them on how to proceed in such cases. Training activities shall be the subject of an annual plan which, designed according to the risks of the obliged entity's business sector, shall be approved by the internal control body.

Plain English

Requires a documented, risk-based annual training plan, approved by the internal-control body, that gives staff ongoing, specific instruction on detecting and handling potential ML/TF transactions.

Obligation

Run an annual, risk-based staff training plan approved by the internal-control body, with documented participation in specific training aimed at detecting potential ML/TF transactions and instructing staff how to respond.

Train staff Retain records

Data items: documented training participation, annual training plan

Los sujetos obligados adoptarán las medidas oportunas para que sus empleados tengan conocimiento de las exigencias derivadas de esta Ley.

Translation: Obliged entities shall take the appropriate measures so that their employees are aware of the requirements arising from this Act.

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded
Ley 10/2010 · Artículo 30Obliged entities must keep confidential the identity of employees, managers or agents who report activity suspected of ML/TF to the…Credit institutionFinancial institution+5Obligation mapped
Original text (Spanish)

Artículo 30. Protección e idoneidad de empleados, directivos y agentes. 1. Los sujetos obligados adoptarán las medidas adecuadas para mantener la confidencialidad sobre la identidad de los empleados, directivos o agentes que hayan realizado una comunicación de operativa que presente indicios o certeza de estar relacionado con el blanqueo de capitales o la financiación del terrorismo a los órganos de control interno. El representante a que se refiere el artículo 26 ter será la persona que comparecerá en toda clase de procedimientos administrativos o judiciales en relación con los datos recogidos en las comunicaciones al Servicio Ejecutivo de la Comisión o cualquier otra información complementaria que pueda referirse a aquéllas cuando se estime imprescindible obtener la aclaración, complemento o confirmación del propio sujeto obligado. 2. Los sujetos obligados establecerán por escrito y aplicarán políticas y procedimientos adecuados para asegurar altos estándares éticos en la contratación de empleados, directivos y agentes. 3. Toda autoridad o funcionario tomará las medidas apropiadas a fin de proteger frente a cualquier amenaza o acción hostil a los empleados, directivos o agentes de los sujetos obligados que lleven a cabo estas comunicaciones, siendo aplicables las medidas de protección establecidas en el artículo 65.1.

Source notes
  • Se modifica por el art. 2.16 del Real Decreto-ley 11/2018, de 31 de agosto. Ref. BOE-A-2018-12131

Translation (Machine translation, unofficial)

Article 30. Protection and suitability of employees, managers and agents. 1. Obliged entities shall take adequate measures to keep confidential the identity of employees, managers or agents who have reported to the internal control bodies activity showing indications or certainty of being related to money laundering or terrorist financing. The representative referred to in Article 26 ter shall be the person who appears in all kinds of administrative or judicial proceedings in relation to the data contained in the reports to the Executive Service of the Commission or any other supplementary information that may relate to them, where it is considered essential to obtain clarification, supplementation or confirmation from the obliged entity itself. 2. Obliged entities shall establish in writing and apply adequate policies and procedures to ensure high ethical standards in the hiring of employees, managers and agents. 3. Every authority or official shall take appropriate measures to protect the employees, managers or agents of obliged entities who make these reports against any threat or hostile action, the protection measures established in Article 65.1 being applicable.

Plain English

Obliged entities must keep confidential the identity of employees, managers or agents who report activity suspected of ML/TF to the internal control bodies; the Article 26 ter representative is the person who appears in administrative or judicial proceedings concerning the data in reports to SEPBLAC where clarification from the entity is needed. Entities must establish in writing and apply policies and procedures ensuring high ethical standards in hiring employees, managers and agents. Authorities and officials must protect reporting staff against threats or hostile action, with the Article 65.1 protection measures applying.

Obligation

Keep confidential the identity of any employee, director or agent who reported a suspected ML/TF matter internally, route any proceedings concerning that report through the Article 26 ter representative rather than the individual reporter, and adopt written policies ensuring high ethical standards when hiring staff, directors and agents.

Appoint a role

Data items: reporter identity (kept confidential)

Los sujetos obligados adoptarán las medidas adecuadas para mantener la confidencialidad sobre la identidad de los empleados, directivos o agentes que hayan realizado una comunicación

Translation: Obliged entities shall take adequate measures to keep confidential the identity of employees, managers or agents who have reported

Applies to

Firm types
Credit institution, Financial institution, Payment institution, E-money institution, Cryptoasset business, Investment firm, All relevant persons
Business lines
All business lines
Customer types
All customer types
Stages
Ongoing review
Conditions
Not recorded
Exceptions
Not recorded